25.08.26: Level 2 (review); Carolus et Maria [32] [4]

Carolus et Cassius erunt mīlitēs ubi erunt virī. Sīc dēsīderant. Itaque fābulās magistrae dē bellīs antīquīs laetē audiunt. Hodiē quod nix est alta et diēs nōn est grātus, in scholā discipulī manent. Magistra haec legit. Legiō Rōmāna interdum circiter tria mīlia mīlitum habēbat. Exercitus multōs ducēs habēbat. Aliī erant lēgātī, aliī erant centuriōnēs. Imperātor omnī exercituī imperābat. Centuriōnēs centum mīlitēs dūcēbant. Tōtus exercitus ācriter pugnābat ubi perīculum erat grave. Sī imperātor hostēs vincēbat, interdum corōnam ā cīvitāte excipiēbat. Haec erat praemium. Sīc Rōmānī imperātōrēs bonōs laudābant.

Omnēs discipulī hās fābulās laudant. Aestāte eī in silvā sunt et mīlitēs sunt. In duās partēs dīvīsī sunt. Ūna pars agmen facit et ad flūmen prōcēdit. Sub colle quīdam ex discipulīs castra pōnunt. Locus nōn est inīquus. Reliquī multās rēs faciunt. Aliī sunt nūntiī, aliī sunt vigilēs. Alia pars discipulōrum est exercitus hostium. Signum datur et hostēs appropinquant. Tēla iaciunt et nūntiōs in omnēs partēs mittunt. Carolus et eius comitēs vāllum celeriter aedificant quod impetūs hostium timent. Post hoc vāllum sē cēlant. Tēla hostium ā comitibus Carolī excipiuntur et iterum eadem ad hostēs mittuntur. Proelium graviter pugnātur. Lēgātī centuriōnēsque bene dūcunt. Tandem fuga hostium est grāta Carolō et eius comitibus. Nēmō interficitur. Subitō signum audītur. Magistra vocat. Discipulī respondent. Fīnis proeliī est.

[1] Below are nouns in this passage referring to war and the military. They are listed in their nominative forms. Match the Latin and English.

[2] Fill in the missing genitive case endings listed below. Some are used more than once.

1. corōna, corōn_____
2. fuga, fug_____
3. nūntius, nunti_____
4. legātus, legāt_____
5. bellum, bell_____
6. proelium, proeli_____
7. signum, sign_____
8. tēlum, tēl_____
9. vāllum, vāll_____
10. castra, castr_____
11. vigil, vigil_____
12. imperātor, imperāt_____
13. centuriō, centuriō_____
14. legiō, legiō_____
15. dux, du_____
16. agmen, agm_____
17. milēs, mil_____
18. hostēs, host_____
19. exercitus, exercit_____
20. impetus, impet_____

-ae; -cis; -ī; -inis; -is; -it is; -ium; -nis; -ōris; -ōrum; -ūs

[3] (1) Identify the case, number of the word in bold (2) give the nominative singular, declension and gender, and (3) explain as precisely as possible why the case is being used.

[i] fābulās … audiunt

[ii] imperātor omnī exercituī imperābat

[iii] multās rēs faciunt

[iv] fuga hostium

[v] impetūs hostium timent

[vi] post hoc vāllum sē cēlant

[vii] fuga … est grāta (a) Carolō (b) et eius comitibus

[viii] Tēla … (a) ā comitibus (b) Carolī excipiuntur

[ix] corōnam ā cīvitāte excipiēbat

[x] aestāte eī in silvā sunt

____________________

[1]

[2]

1. corōna, corōnae
2. fuga, fugae
3. nūntius, nuntiī
4. legātus, legātī
5. bellum, bellī
6. proelium, proeliī
7. signum, signī
8. tēlum, tēlī
9. vāllum, vāllī
10. castra, castrōrum
11. vigil, vigilis
12. imperātor, imperātōris
13. centuriō, centuriōnis
14. legiō, legiōnis
15. dux, ducis
16. agmen, agminis
17. milēs, militis
18. hostēs, hostium
19. exercitus, exercitūs
20. impetus, impetūs

[3]

[i] fabulās: (1) accusative plural; (2) < fabulae, -ae [1/f]; (3) direct object of audiunt

[ii] exercituī: dative singular < exercitus, -ūs [4/m]; used with imperō, -āre (to command), the verb regularly followed by the dative case

[iii] rēs: accusative plural < rēs, -eī [5/f]; direct object of faciunt

[iv] hostium: genitive plural < hostis, -is [3/m]; indicates possession [the flight of the enemies]

[v] impetūs: accusative plural < impetus, -ūs [4/m]; direct object of timent

[vi] vāllum: accusative singular < vāllum, -ī [2/n]; with preposition post

[vii]

(a) Carolō: dative singular < Carolus, -ī [2/m]; indirect object of grāta [pleasing to Carolus]

(b) comitibus: dative plural < comes, comitis [3/m]; indirect object of grāta [pleasing to his companions]

[viii]

(a) comitibus: ablative plural < comes, comitis [3/m]; with preposition ā to express ablative of agent [the missiles are caught by the companions]

(b) Carolī: genitive singular < Carolus, -ī [2/m]; possession; [the companions of Carolus; Carolus’ companions]

[ix] civitāte: ablative singular < civitās, -tātis [3/f]; with preposition ā to express from the state

[x] aetāte: ablative singular < aetās, -tātis [3/f]; ablative of time when [in summer]