08.09.24: Follow-up [4]; 4th declension; accusative case

Referring to Vincent’s video:

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/08/080924-quid-in-caelo-videre-potes-1.html

[4] 4th declension

Here are the group links to posts on the 4th and 5th declension

https://www.facebook.com/.../permalink/470682685543005/

Nominative: arcus pluvius > accusative: Arcum pluvium in caelō videō. │ I see a rainbow in the sky.

Nominative: tonitrus > accusative: Tonitrum in caelō audiō. │ I hear thunder in the sky.

Nominative plural: Duo arcūs pluviī in caelō sunt. │ There are two rainbows in the sky.

> Accusative plural: Duōs arcūs pluviōs in caelō videō. │ I see two rainbows in the sky.

What this topic also shows is that Latin nouns can have the same ending but belong to different declensions:

2nd declension: corvus (crow)

3rd declension: sidus (star; constellation)

4th declension: tonitrus (thunder)

Level 1: learn the meanings of the word

Moving on …

There is no way of knowing what declension they belong to if you only know the nominative of the word. However, all the genitive singular forms of the nouns are different which is why, when thoroughly learning Latin nouns, you need to know both the nominative and genitive singular because that will give you the declension; dictionaries and textbooks will always list the nouns that way. That is particularly crucial with 3rd declension nouns because they often undergo a change in the genitive singular which applies to all endings added to the word:

2nd declension

corvus [nominative singular], corvī [genitive singular]; abbreviated to corvus, -ī [2/m]

3rd declension

sidus, sideris [3/n] > Sidera in caelō videō.

4th declension

tonitrus, tonitrūs; abbreviated to tonitrus, -ūs [4/m]

08.09.24: rising / setting / lightning

[i] Sōlem orientem videō. │ I see a rising sun.

[ii] Sōlem occidentem videō. │ I see a setting sun.

[iii] Fulgur videō. │ I see a flash of lightning

By Sebastien D'ARCO, animation by Koba-chan - w:File:Lightnings sequence 2 animation.gif, CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=63555790

08.09.24: Follow-up [3]; 3rd declension; accusative case

Referring to Vincent’s video:

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/08/080924-quid-in-caelo-videre-potes-1.html

[3] 3rd declension

Here are the group links to posts on the 3rd declension; it takes quite a lot of study as you’ll see that some of these nouns change when endings are added.

https://www.facebook.com/.../permalink/469497705661503/

[i] Masculine / feminine; nominative singular – various endings; accusative singular -em

Nominative: sōl > accusative: Sōlem in caelō videō. │ I see the sun in the sky.

Nominative: eclīpsis > accusative: Eclīpsem in caelō videō. │ I see an eclipse in the sky.

Nominative: avis > accusative: Avem in caelō videō. │ I see a bird in the sky.

Nominative: vespillō > accusative: Vespillōnem in caelō videō. │ I see a bat in the sky.

[ii] Masculine / feminine; nominative and accusative plural -ēs

Nominative: apēs > accusative: Apēs in caelō videō. │ I see bees in the sky.

Nominative: nūbēs > accusative: Nūbēs in caelō videō. │ I see clouds in the sky.

Nominative: vespillōnēs > accusative: Vespillōnēs in caelō videō. │ I see bats in the sky.

[iii] Neuter; nominative singular – various endings; accusative singular – same as nominative

Nominative: sidus > accusative: Sidus [no change] in caelō videō. │ I see a constellation in the sky.

Nominative: fulgur > accusative: Fulgur [no change] in caelō videō. │ I see a flash of lightning in the sky.

[iv] Neuter; nominative plural – (i)a; accusative plural – same as nominative

Nominative: sidera > accusative: Sidera in caelō videō. │ I see constellations in the sky.

08.09.24: Follow-up [2]; 1st / 2nd declension; accusative case

Referring to Vincent’s video:

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/08/080924-quid-in-caelo-videre-potes-1.html

Quid vidēs? │ What do you see? It’s one of the best ways of practising the accusative case and so here is a quick review of that:

[1] 1st declension

[i] Nominative singular -a; accusative singular -am

Lūna in caelō est. │ The moon is in the sky.

> Lūnam [accusative: direct object] in caelō videō. │ I see ¦ the moon [direct object] ¦ in the sky.

Stella in caelō est. │ A star is in the sky.

> Stellam in caelō videō. │ I see a star in the sky.

[ii] Nominative plural -ae; accusative plural -ās

Stellae in caelō sunt. │ There are stars in the sky.

> Stellās in caelō videō. │ I see stars the sky.

Lūna et stellae in caelō sunt. │ The moon and the stars are in the sky.

Lūnam et stellās in caelō videō. │ I see the moon and the stars in the sky.

And, if you’re level 2:

Stellās errantēs in caelō videō. │ I see stars wandering in the sky = I see planets.

Stellās splendentes in caelō videō. │ I see stars shining in the sky.

__________

[2] 2nd declension

[i] Masculine nominative singular -us; accusative singular -um

Corvus in caelō volitat. │ A crow is flying around in the sky.

> Corvum in caelo videō. │ I see a crow in the sky.

And, if you’re level 2:

> Corvum in caelō volitantem videō. │ I see a crow flying about in the sky.

[ii] Masculine nominative plural -ī; accusative singular -ōs

Corvī in caelō volitant. │ Crows are flying about in the sky.

> Corvōs in caelō videō. │ I see crows in the sky.

Level 2:

Corvōs nigrōs in caelō volitantēs videō. │ I see black crows flying about in the sky.

[iii] Neuter nominative singular -um; accusative singular -um

Nominative: aēroplānum (New Latin of course!) > Aēroplānum in caelō videō. │ I see an aeroplane in the sky.

[iv] Neuter nominative plural -a; accusative plural -a

Nominative: aēroplāna > Aēroplāna in caelō videō. │ I see aeroplanes in the sky.

 

08.09.24: The sepak takraw approach to learning Latin

It’s my favourite sport and they play it a lot where I stay. Take a look at the video: what those players are doing are called rollspikes, they’re breathtaking and, when you see them in slow motion, sometimes they are almost doing a 360 degree turn.

But that is the end point – there are also videos online showing you how, from when they’re kids, they learn it slowly, mastering the basics and, with practice, they eventually reach the standard you see here.

And the same applies to learning Latin:

[1] Vincent’s video:

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/08/080924-quid-in-caelo-videre-potes-1.html

He introduces a few words on the theme of what you see in the sky.

[2] Follow-up [1]: some more vocabulary without grammatical comment

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/08/080924-follow-up-on-previous-post-1.html

[3] Follow-ups [2] – [4] (coming next): looking at the vocabulary in a little more depth, [i] seeing how the words change according to their declension, [ii] starting with the easier declensions and moving up to [iii] more challenging concepts and [iv] adding some phrases that are more at level 2 and expanding on the basic ideas.

It’s all about finding your own level: if you’re just starting out then take a look at [1] and [2]; if you want to explore more then move on to [3].

In short, you won’t be able to perform rollspikes in Latin until you first learn to kick the ball 

08.09.24: Follow-up on previous post [1]

Quid in caelō vidēre potes? │ What can you see in the sky?

Referring to Vincent’s video:

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/08/080924-quid-in-caelo-videre-potes-1.html

Can you match up what you see in the sky with what they saw in the Middle Ages?

apēs
arcus pluvius
avēs
comētēs / comēta
eclīpsis
lūna
nūbēs

planētae (Late Latin); Classical: stellae errantēs (wandering stars – what a nice way of expressing it)

sīdera
sōl
stellae
vespillōnēs

08.09.24: Quid in caelō vidēre potes?

From: Nguyễn Duy Thiên

Admin

Group expert

Quid vidēre possumus in caelō? Sōl? Ubi est sōl? Nōn vidētur nunc, quia caelum nūbilōsum est, i.e. sunt multae nūbēs in caelō inter nōs spectātōrēs et sōlem. Sed certē sōl est in caelō, aliquō locō suprā nōs. Positiōnem exāctam nesciō. Quid amplius? Avēs, certē! Avēs bēstiolaeque quae ālās habent. Āeroplāna quoque volāre possunt in caelō. Quid amplius?

____________________

What can we see in the sky? The sun? Where is the sun? We don't see it now (literally: It is not seen), because it's cloudy, that is, there is a lot of clouds between us the viewers and the sun. But surely the sun is in the sky, somewhere above us. I just don't know the exact position. What else? Birds, of course! Birds and other little animals (insects) who have wings. Airplanes can fly in the sky too. What else?