Thursday, July 18, 2024

25.08.24: Level 2; the present active participle [8]; declension [6]; other cases; Androclus et leō [1]

  • abripiō, -ere, abripuī [3-iō]: take away (forcefully); drag away
  • cervus, -ī [2/m]: deer; stag
  • extendō, -ere, extendī [3]: stretch out
  • extrahō, -ere, extrāxī [3]: pull out
  • extractus, -a, -um: pulled out
  • olfaciō, -ere, olfēcī [3-iō]: smell
  • spīna, -ae [1/f]: thorn

[A]

  1. Where exactly is Androcles? [2 points]
  2. Who is not there? [1 point]
  3. Why does Androcles describe this man as abominandus? [2 points]
  4. What did Androcles decide to do because of this? [1 point]
  5. Why does Androcles hide in the cave? [1 point]
  6. How does the lion first know that a human being is there? [1 point]
  7. What does the lion ask Androcles to do and why? [2 points]
  8. What does Androcles tell the lion to do? [1 point]
  9. What is the cause of the problem? [1 point]
  10. What does Androcles have to say “Extende iterum”? [1 point]
  11. What does the lion tell Androcles to do, and what is the lion going to do? [3 points]: Nunc tū [i] in cavernā manē ¦ [ii] dum ego ¦ [iii] tibi ¦ cervum captō. 

[B] Find the Latin:

Nominative

  1. Androcles enters running
  2. The lion approaches roaring
  3. The lion enters roaring
  4. Androcles, trembling, says
  5. The lion, opening its mouth, weeps
  6. Androcles in fear [lit: fearing] goes out
  7. The lion, fearfully [lit: fearing] stetches out its foot
  8. He goes out dancing / jumping

Accusative

  1. He beats me when I’m doing nothing
  2. I hear a lion roaring
  3. I smell a man hiding
  4. I see you hiding in the cave
  5. I don’t like my foot hurting
  6. I don’t like the lion shouting out

Genitive

  • I don’t like the teeth ¦ of the lion ¦ as it opens its mouth

Dative

  1. I give help to animals in pain [lit: which are suffering]
  2. I also give help to you in pain / suffering


25.08.24: Level 2; Practice in reading the perfect tense; A First Latin Reader (Vincent) [13]

Hannibal, quī erat imperātor Poenōrum, ex Āfricā ad Hispāniam nāvigāvit et cum cōpiīs magnīs Saguntum oppugnāvit. Ubi lēgātī Rōmānī ad Hannibalem dē pāce vēnērunt, Hannibal lēgātiōnem nōn audīvit, sed oppidum expugnāvit. Inde Rōmānī lēgātōs ad Poenōs iterum mīsērunt. ‘ Hīc,’ inquit lēgātus Rōmānus, ‘vōbīs bellum et pācem portāmus: utrum placet vōbīs, sūmite.’ Bellum et Rōmānīs et Poenīs placēbat.

  • lēgātus, -ī [2/m]: (the person) ambassador; envoy
  • lēgātiō, lēgātiōnis [3/f]: legation i.e. the purpose for which an ambassador is sent; diplomatic mission would be a suitable translation
  • utrum: which of the two

Sentence structure:

[i] Hannibal, ¦ [ii] quī erat imperātor Poenōrum [relative / adjectival clause], ¦ [i] ex Āfricā ad Hispāniam nāvigāvit [principal clause #1] ¦ et [i] cum cōpiīs magnīs Saguntum oppugnāvit [principal clause #2].

[ii] Ubi lēgātī Rōmānī ad Hannibalem dē pāce vēnērunt [subordinate clause of time], ¦ [i] Hannibal lēgātiōnem nōn audīvit [principal clause #1], ¦ sed [i] oppidum expugnāvit [principal clause #2].

quī: relative pronoun

et / sed: coordinating conjunctions i.e. they connect 2 principal clauses

ubi: subdordinating conjunction i.e. it introduces a subordinate clause, in this case a subordinate clause of time



____________________

Hannibal, who was the commander of the Carthaginians, sailed from Africa to Spain and attacked Saguntum with a large force. When the Roman ambassadros came to Hannibal for peace, Hannibal did not listen to the diplomatic mission, but sacked the town. Then the Romans sent the ambassadors to the Carthaginians again. 'Here,' said the Roman envoy, 'we bring war and peace to you: which of the two pleases you, take (it).' War pleased both the Romans and the Carthaginians.
____________________


25.08.24: Level 1; Maxey (12)

Vocabulary for all three sections

dōnum, -ī [2/n] gift

praemium, -ī [2/n]: reward

tabernāculum, -ī [2/n]: tent

tēctum, -ī [2/n]: [i] roof [ii] (here) house

Note the spelling change in adjectives ending in -er; as soon as any ending is added the /e/ of the -er is lost:

aeger, aegra, aegrum: sick

impiger, impigra, impigrum: active; industrious

Note the formation of this word; the Latin prefix in- / im- / il- forms the opposite of the base word: piger, pigra, pigrum: lazy; sluggish; inactive > impiger: active [i.e. not lazy]

[1] Haec puella parva cum mātre in casā stat. Est aestās et iānua et fenestrae sunt apertae. Vesper est pulcher. Hīc est silva et in silvā tabernāculum vident. In tabernāculō in silvā habitat fēmina. Aestāte fēmina in tabernāculō habitat. Aestāte sōla in tabernāculō manet. Hodiē est in tabernāculō. Herī nōn erat in tabernāculō. Herī erat in oppidō. Saepe ad oppidum ambulat. Ex oppidō multa ad tabernāculum portat. Hodiē erat in silvā. Ex silvā quoque multa portat.

Choose the correct statement for each of the following:

(i) The little girl is …

[A] sitting with her father in the cottage.

[B] sitting with her mother in the cottage.

[C] standing with her mother in the cottage.

[D] standing with her father in the cottage.

(ii)

[A] The windows are closed because it’s summer.

[B] The windows and door are open.

[C] The windows and doors are open.

[D] The window and doors are open.

(iii) It’s a …

[A] winter’s day in town.

[B] summer day in the forest.

[C] winter’s evening in town.

[D] summer evening in the forest.

(iv) The lady …

[A] stays alone in the tent.

[B] always stays in a tent.

[C] works in a shop.

[D] stays in a tent when it rains.

(v) The lady …

[A] isn’t in the tent today.

[B] was in the tent yesterday.

[C] was in town yesterday.

(vi) She …

[A] often walks to town to visit many people.

[B] sometimes goes to town to buy a lot of things.

[C] often walks to town to get a lot of things.

[D] often rides to town to do a lot of things.

(vii) She carries a lot of things …

[A] in the forest.

[B] out of the forest.

[C] into the forest.

[2] Nunc in tabernāculō est et est  impigra. Quid nunc habet fēmina?  Medicīnam habet.  Diū labōrat in tabernāculō et nunc medicinam habet.  Medicīnam ad oppidum portat et pecūniam ad tabernāculum portat. Nōn est  medicus sed medicō  medicīnam dat. Nōn est aegra fēmina; est valida. Pecūnia nōn est  dōnum, nōn est praemium quod fēmina labōrat.  Fēmina pecūniam habet quod medicīnam dat.

In which order are the following first referred to?

a doctor 

a gift 

being hard-working

bringing medicine

earning money

giving medicine

having medicine 

working for a long time

[3] Puella parva cum mātre fēminam et medicīnam spectat. Puella saltat et hoc dīcit: “Laeta sum quod nōn sum aegra. Medicus mihi medicīnam fēminae nōn dat.” Māter respondet: “Ego quoque sum laeta quod es valida et medicīnam nōn cupis. Laeta sum quoque quod in tabernāculō nōn habitāmus. Tēctum magnum nōn habēmus sed cāra mihi est casa nostra.”

Sentence building

[i]

The little girl is looking at

The little girl is looking at the lady

The little girl is looking at the lady and the medicine

The little girl is looking at the lady and the medicine with her mother.

[ii]

The doctor does not give

The doctor does not give me

The doctor does not give me themedicine.

The doctor does not give me the lady’s medicine.

[iii]

We don’t have

We don’t have a large house

We don’t have a large house ¦ but our house is dear

We don’t have a large house but our house is dear to me.

[iv] Which are the two correct translations?

[A] “I’m happy too because I don’t want the medicine.”

[B] “I’m happy too because you don’t want the medicine.”

[C] “She’s happy too because she doesn’t want the medicine.”

[D] “I’m happy too because I live in a tent.”

[E] “We’re happy too because we don’t live in a tent.”

[F] “I’m happy too because we don’t live in a tent.”

24.08.24: Level 1; eating and drinking

I’m not going to say much about the image because all the names for the foods have been covered in earlier posts:

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/496563569621583/

Other posts have been published recently.

Similarly, information concerning the declension of these nouns has been given many times and the FB links are posted below.

What’s particularly useful about a fairly small list like this is that it can provide practice in a particular case ending, namely the accusative, by answering the questions:

Quid edis? │ What do you eat? > __________ edō │ I eat  __________

Quid bibis? │ What do you drink? >  __________ bibō │ I drink __________

What you eat or drink is in the accusative case that describes the direct object of the action i.e. the person or thing that is experiencing the action of the verb.

This is what the image is expecting you to do since it includes both the nominative and accusative cases of the nouns:

1st declension

[i] Singular

olīva, -ae [1/f]: olive

olīvam edō: I eat an olive

[ii] Plural

ūva, -ae [1/f]: grape

ūvās edō: I eat grapes

2nd declension

[i] Singular (masculine)

caseus, -ī [2/m]: cheese

caseum edō: I eat cheese

[ii] Plural (masculine)

From an earlier post:

artolaganus, -ī [2/m]: “pancake”

artolaganōs edō: I eat pancakes

[iii] Singular (neuter)

vīnum, -ī [2/n]: wine

vīnum [no change] bibō: I drink wine

[iv] Plural (neuter)

ōvum, -ī [2/n]: egg

ōva edō: I eat eggs

Links to posts on the 1st and 2nd declension are here:

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/470683238876283/

3rd declension

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/469497705661503/

[i] Singular (masculine and feminine)

pānis, -is [3/m]: bread

carō, carnis [3/f]: meat

pānem edō: I eat bread

carnem edō: I eat meat

[ii] Plural (masculine and feminine)

nux, nucis [3/f]: nut

nucēs edō: I eat nuts

[i] Singular (neuter)

lac, lactis [3/n]: milk

lac [no change in the accusative] bibō: I drink milk

[ii] Plural (neuter)

Not in the image but illustrates the point:

holus, holeris [3/n]: vegetable

holera edō: I eat vegetables



24.08.24: Ora Maritima 8[3]; cloze

 In numerō __________ meōrum sunt duo __________. Mārcus, __________ quattuordecim __________, mihi praecipuus __________ est. Prope Dubrās nunc habitant, sed ex Calēdoniā oriundī sunt. Nōbīs __________ fēriae nunc sunt; nam __________ sumus. Inter fēriās līberī sumus scholīs. __________ meī mē saepe vīsitant, et ego __________ meōs vīsitō. Magna est inter nōs amīcitia. Ūnā ambulāmus, ūnā in undīs spūmiferīs natāmus, cum nōn nimis asperae sunt. Quantopere nōs __________ __________ pilārum in arēnā dēlectant! Ut iuvat castella contrā undās spūmiferās aedificāre!

amīcī; amīcōrum; amīcōs; amīcus; annōrum; condiscipulī; lūdī; puer; puerī; puerīs; puerōs



24.08.24: Level 1; FLC; review; practice in the cases [3](1); 1st / 2nd declension nouns and adjectives: genitive singular [1]

[1]

ōra, -ae [1/f]: shore

īnsula, -ae [1/f]: island

> ōra ¦ īnsulae [genitive singular] the shore ¦ of the island

parvus, -a, -um: small

ōra ¦ īnsulae [genitive singular] parvae [genitive singular] the shore ¦ of the small island

[2]

fīlia, -ae [1/f]: daughter

servus, -ī [2/m]: slave

> fīlia ¦ servī [genitive singular] │ the daughter ¦ of the slave [ = the slave’s daughter]

parvus, -a, -um: small

> fīlia ¦ servī [genitive singular] parvī [genitive singular]│ the daughter ¦ of the small

[3]

porta, -ae [1/f]: gate

oppidum, -ī [2/n]: town

> porta ¦ oppidī [genitive singular]│ the gate ¦ of the town

parvus, -a, -um: small

> porta ¦ oppidī [genitive singular] parvī [genitive singular] │ the gate ¦ of the small town

§9: Lectiō

mortus, -ī [2/m]: garden

murus, -ī [2/m]: wall

templum, -ī [2/n]: temple

§10: Brutus et Geta

agricola, -ae [1/m]: farmer (most 1st declension nouns in Latin are feminine, but a few related to occupations traditionally performed by a male are masculine)

hasta, -ae [1/f]: spear

capillus, -ī [2/m]: hair

fīlius, -ī [2/m]: son

nāsus, -ī [2/m]: nose

pater (3rd declension noun): father

horridus, -a, -um: (here; of hair) unkempt; dishevelled


§11: Viva Voce

Cūius? Whose?