27.03.25: Level 3; deponent verbs (6)(ii); imperfect and future tenses; exercise [2]

moror, -ārī, -ātus sum [1/dep]: to delay

mereor, -ērī, meritus sum [2/dep]: to deserve, earn

aggredior, -ī, aggressus sum [3-iō/dep]: to approach; advance towards; attack

patior, patī, passus sum [3-iō/dep]: to suffer; endure

Choose the correct translaton; this time, the present, future and imperfect tenses are used:

1. The sun is rising │Sōl [a] oriēbātur [b] oritur [c] oriētur
2. The sun was rising │ Sōl [a] oriētur [b] oritur [c] oriēbātur
3. The sun will rise │Sōl [a] oriētur [b] oriēbātur [c] oritur
4. He could easily endure [= was easily enduring bodily pain] │ ille … facile dolōrem corporis [a] patitur [b] patiēbātur [c] patiētur (Cicero)
5. I often use a sword │Gladiō saepe [a] ūtēbar [b] ūtar [c] ūtor
6. The angry sailors advance towards us │ [a] aggrediēbantur [b] aggredientur [c] aggrediuntur nōs furentēs nautae (Petronius)
7. The king is threatening him with death │ Rēx eī mortem [a] minātur [b] minābātur [c] minābitur
8. The king will threaten him with death │ Rēx eī mortem [a] minābātur [b] minātur [c] minābitur
9. The matter speaks for itself. Rēs ipsa [a] loquēbātur [b] loquitur [c] loquētur
10. What will he promise us? │ Quid nōbīs [a] pollicēbitur? [b] pollicēbātur? [c] pollicētur?
11. While he is staying a few days at Vesontio … │ Dum paucōs diēs ad Vesontiōnem … [a] morātur [b] morantur [c] morāmur … (Caesar)
12. The enemy, the enemy, who(ever) kills them will earn a reward │ 'hostēs, hostēs, quī eōs occīderit, praemium [a] merēbiminī [b] merēbitur [c] merēbuntur

____________________

The sun is rising │Sōl [a] oriēbātur [b] oritur [c] oriētur

The sun was rising │ Sōl [a] oriētur [b] oritur [c] oriēbātur

The sun will rise │Sōl [a] oriētur [b] oriēbātur [c] oritur

He could easily endure [= was easily enduring bodily pain] │ ille … facile dolōrem corporis [a] patitur [b] patiēbātur [c] patiētur (Cicero)

I often use a sword │Gladiō saepe [a] ūtēbar [b] ūtar [c] ūtor

The angry sailors advance towards us │ [a] aggrediēbantur [b] aggredientur [c] aggrediuntur nōs furentēs nautae (Petronius)

The king is threatening him with death │ Rēx eī mortem [a] minātur [b] minābātur [c] minābitur

The king will threaten him with death │ Rēx eī mortem [a] minābātur [b] minātur [c] minābitur

The matter speaks for itself. Rēs ipsa [a] loquēbātur [b] loquitur [c] loquētur

What will he promise us? │ Quid nōbīs [a] pollicēbitur? [b] pollicēbātur? [c] pollicētur?

While he is staying a few days at Vesontio … │ Dum paucōs diēs ad Vesontiōnem … [a] morātur [b] morantur [c] morāmur … (Caesar)

The enemy, the enemy, who(ever) kills them will earn a reward │ 'hostēs, hostēs, quī eōs occīderit, praemium [a] merēbiminī [b] merēbitur [c] merēbuntur

26.03.25: Level 2; Grammar Review; 3rd declension nouns [8]

aurifex, aurif __ is [3/m]: __________

calix, cali __ is [3/m]: __________

mōns, mon __ is [3/m]: __________

pedes, ped __ is [3/m]: __________

prōditor, prōdit __ ris [3/m]: __________

bōs, b __ is [3 m/f]: __________

carō, car __ is [3/f]: __________

quiēs, quietis [3/f]: __________

tellūs, tellū __ is [3/f]: __________

agmen, agm __ is [3/n]: __________

-c-; -et-; -ic-; -in-; -it-; -n-; -ō-; -ov-; -r-; -t-

calm; column (of soldiers); cup; goldsmith; head of cattle; infantryman; meat; mountain; traitor; world

25.03.25: H & B; level 2; reading; a family curse [2]

Deī Oenomaum rēgem per ōrāculum sīc [1] monuerant: ‘Ā generō [2] necāberis.’ Itaque Oenomaus ‘ Nēmō,’ inquit, ‘fīliam in mātrimōnium [3] dūcet.’  Multī tamen pulchram fīliam, Hippodamīam, amābant, multī [4] petēbant. Fīliam in mātrimōnium nōn ducēs,’ respondit omnibus, ‘nisi patrem in currūs certāmine [5] vīceris: sī [6] victus eris, morte poenās audāciae [7] persolvēs.’ Multī ad certāmen veniēbant, multī ā rēge [8] superābantur. Tandem Pelops Myrtilum, rēgis aurīgam, prōmissīs [9] conciliāvit. ‘Dīmidium rēgnī [10]  dabō,’ inquit, ‘sī in certāmine [11] adiūveris.’ Tum Myrtilus rēgiī currūs axem discidit: itaque rēx ē currū cecidit, Pelops victor cum Hippodamīa ad patriam revertit. Sed quamquam ā Myrtilō via ad victōriam [12] inventa erat, prōmissum Pelops [13] nōn praestitit. Nam ubi currum prope mare agēbat, aurīgam in aquam dēmīsit. Myrtilus autem, ‘Ā dīs immortālibus,’ clāmāvit, ‘auxilium [14] petō: rem tam foedam dī [15]  nōn neglegent: per omnēs annōs Pelopis perfidiae poenās Pelopidae persolvent.’

Give the precise translation of the following verbs from the text even if, sometimes, the literal translation is not what English would finally use:

1. Deī … rēgem … monuerant │ The gods [a] had warned [b] warned [c] were warning the king
2. Ā generō necāberis │ You … [a] were killed [b] will kill [c] will be killed by (your) son-in-law
3. Nēmō … fīliam … dūcet. │ Nobody … [a] is leading [b] has led [c] will lead my daughter
4. Multī … fīliam … petēbant. │Many … [a] desired ( = were desiring) [b] had desired [c] will desire (his) daughter
5. nisi patrem … vīceris │ Unless you … [a] will conquer [b] will have conquered [c] conquer the father
6. sī victus eris, … │If you … [a] will conquer [b] were conquered [c] will have been conquered
7. … poenās … persolvēs │ … you … [a] are paying [b] will pay [c] paid the price / penalty
8. multī … superābantur │ Many … [a] were (being) conquered [b] had been conquered [c] will have been conquered
9. Pelops Myrtilum … prōmissīs conciliāvit. │ Pelops … [a] has won over [b] won over [c] had won over Myrtilus
10. Dīmidium rēgnī dabō,… │ I … [a] am giving [b] was giving [c] shall give you half of the kingdom
11. … ‘sī in certāmine adiūveris. │ If you [a] will have helped [b] will help [c] are helping in the contest
12. quamquam … via … inventa erat, … │ Although a way [a] had been found [b] was found [c] will be found
13. … prōmissum Pelops nōn praestitit │ Pelops … [a] has not kept [b] is not keeping [c] did not keep (his) promise
14. auxilium petō │ I … [a] sought [b] seek [c] will seek help
15. … dī nōn neglegent │ The gods [a] do not ignore [b] will not ignore [c] did not ignore

____________________

Deī … rēgem … monuerant │ The gods [a] had warned [b] warned [c] were warning the king

Ā generō necāberis │ You … [a] were killed [b] will kill [c] will be killed by (your) son-in-law

Nēmō … fīliam … dūcet. │ Nobody … [a] is leading [b] has led [c] will lead my daughter

Multī … fīliam … petēbant. │Many … [a] desired ( = were desiring) [b] had desired [c] will desire (his) daughter

nisi patrem … vīceris │ Unless you … [a] will conquer [b] will have conquered [c] conquer the father

sī victus eris, … │If you … [a] will conquer [b] were conquered [c] will have been conquered

… poenās … persolvēs │ … you … [a] are paying [b] will pay [c] paid the price / penalty

multī … superābantur │ Many … [a] were (being) conquered [b] had been conquered [c] will have been conquered

Pelops Myrtilum … prōmissīs conciliāvit. │ Pelops … [a] has won over [b] won over [c] had won over Myrtilus

Dīmidium rēgnī dabō,… │ I … [a] am giving [b] was giving [c] shall give you half of the kingdom

… ‘sī in certāmine adiūveris. │ If you [a] will have helped [b] will help [c] are helping in the contest

quamquam … via … inventa erat, … │ Although a way [a] had been found [b] was found [c] will be found

… prōmissum Pelops nōn praestitit │ Pelops … [a] has not kept [b] is not keeping [c] did not keep (his) promise

auxilium petō │ I … [a] sought [b] seek [c] will seek help

… dī nōn neglegent │ The gods [a] do not ignore [b] will not ignore [c] did not ignore

25.03.25: H & B; level 2; reading; a family curse [1]

Deī Oenomaum rēgem per ōrāculum sīc monuerant: ‘Ā generō necāberis.’ Itaque Oenomaus ‘ Nēmō,’ inquit, ‘fīliam in mātrimōnium dūcet.’  Multī tamen pulchram fīliam, Hippodamīam, amābant, multī petēbant. Fīliam in mātrimōnium nōn ducēs,’ respondit omnibus, ‘nisi patrem in currūs certāmine vīceris: sī victus eris, morte poenās audāciae persolvēs.’ Multī ad certāmen veniēbant, multī ā rēge superābantur. Tandem Pelops Myrtilum, rēgis aurīgam, prōmissīs conciliāvit. ‘Dīmidium rēgnī dabō,’ inquit, ‘sī in certāmine adiūveris.’ Tum Myrtilus rēgiī currūs axem discidit: itaque rēx ē currū cecidit, Pelops victor cum Hippodamīa ad patriam revertit. Sed quamquam ā Myrtilō via ad victōriam inventa erat, prōmissum Pelops nōn praestitit. Nam ubi currum prope mare agēbat, aurīgam in aquam dēmīsit. Myrtilus autem, ‘Ā dīs immortālibus,’ clāmāvit, ‘auxilium petō: rem tam foedam dī nōn neglegent: per omnēs annōs Pelopis perfidiae poenās Pelopidae persolvent.’

[1] Lines 1 – 2 (Deī … dūcet)

Nēmō … fīliam in mātrimōnium dūcet. What did Oenomaus say and why did he say it? (3)

[2] Lines 2 – 5 (Multī … persolvēs)

What challenge did Oenomaus set to those wanting to marry Hippodamia, and what was the price of failure? (2)

[3] Lines 5 – 7; translate (10)*

[i] Multī ¦ [ii] ad certāmen ¦ [i] veniēbant, [iii] multī ¦ [iv] ā rēge ¦ [iii] superābantur. [v] Tandem Pelops Myrtilum, ¦ [vi] rēgis aurīgam, [vii] prōmissīs [v] conciliāvit. [viii] ‘Dīmidium rēgnī dabō,’ inquit, ¦ [ix] ‘sī ¦ [x] in certāmine ¦ [ix] adiūverīs.’

Note: ‘Dīmidium rēgnī dabō,’ inquit, ‘sī in certāmine adiūveris.’ What tense is adiūveris? How would it literally be translated? How would it be best translated?

[4] Lines 7 – 8 (Tum … revertit)

What did Myrtilus do to the chariot and with what results? (4)

[5] Lines 8 – 10 (Sed … dēmīsit)

[i] Give a translation of Sed quamquam ā Myrtilō via ad victōriam inventa erat, prōmissum Pelops nōn praestitit (4) and [ii] explain why that statement is made. (2)

[6] Lines 10 – end (Myrtilus autem … persolvent)

[i] Whose help did Myrtilus seek? (1)

[ii] Why did he think they would help? (2)

[iii] Who was to be punished? (1)

[7] In your own words give a brief description of Myrtilus referring to his character and motives. (4)**

dēmittō , -ere, -mīsī, -missus [3]: send down; throw / cast down

neglegō, -ere, neglēxī, neglēctus [3]: ignore / be indifferent; overlook

perfidia, -ae [1/f]: treachery

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oenomaus

King Oenomaus, Hippodamia, and Olympian gods. Illustration (colour lithograph) from a binding of 'Peintures de Vases Antiques Vulgairement Appeles Etrusques' by Aubian Louis Millin de Grandmaison, with 'Introduction a l'Etude des Vases Antiques d'Argile Peints Vulgairement Appeles Etrusques', by A. Dubois Maisonneuve; possibly refers to the establishment of the Olympic Games in honour of Oinomaos; died in a chariot race against Pelops, who wanted to marry his daughter Hippodamea.

by The Stapleton Collection (French), Public Domain

https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15518537

____________________

* [3] [i] Many came ¦ [ii] to the contest, ¦ [iii] (and) many were conquered / beaten ¦ [iv] by the king. [v] Pelops finally won over Myrtilus, ¦ [vi] the king’s charioteer ¦ [vii] with promises. [viii] “I shall give you half the kingdon, he said ¦ [ix] “If you help (me) ¦ [x] in the contest.”

** [7] acts out of self-interest; no loyalty to the king; motivated by promises of power / wealth; hypocritical: refers to the “foul deed” and “treachery” of Pelops yet he himself committed a treacherous act