Ad Gallōs, quod in Etrūriam cōpiās dūxerant, lēgātī ā Rōmānīs missī sunt: tum contrā iūs gentium lēgātī arma sūmpsērunt et cum Etrūscīs contrā Gallōs pugnāvērunt. Itaque Gallī ab Etrūriā in agrōs Rōmānōs vēnērunt. Statim ab urbe exercitus contrā novum hostem missus est. Prope Alliam fluvium pugnābant. Terrēbant Rōmānōs saeva ōra, magnī clāmōrēs, ingentia corpora barbarōrum: nostrī vix prīmum impetum sustinuērunt sed urbem fugā petīvērunt. Omnium animī ingentī timōre movēbantur. Iuvenēs statim Capitōlium occupāvērunt, reliquī, praeter senātōrēs, in Etrūriam discēdēbant. Gallī urbem intrant, ad forum veniunt: mīrum ibi spectāculum oculīs ostenditur: nam senātōrēs animīs ad mortem parātīs adventum hostium expectābant: magistrātūs in eburneīs sellīs sēdērunt honōrumque īnsignia gerēbant. Diū barbarī senēs immōtōs, velut deum imāginēs, spectābant. Tum ūnus ē Gallīs M. Papiriī barbam manū permulsit: senex īrātus caput scīpiōne eburneō ferit statimque ā barbarō necātur. Tum omnēs īrā moventur reliquōsque senēs in sellīs trucīdant.
[A]
[1]
Line 1 (Ad Gallōs … missī sunt)
Why
did the Romans send envoys to the Gauls? (1)
[2]
Lines 1 - 2 (tum … pugnāvērunt)
What
is the meaning of contrā iūs gentium and why is it referred to here? (4)
[3]
Lines 2 – 5 (Itaque … missus est)
How
did the Gauls and the Romans react to this? (4)
[4]
Lines 4 – 6 (Prope … movēbantur)
Give
details about the battle (8); [i]
Prope Alliam fluvium pugnābant. [ii] Terrēbant Rōmānōs [iii] saeva
ōra, [iv] magnī clāmōrēs, ingentia corpora [v] barbarōrum: [vi] nostrī
vix prīmum impetum sustinuērunt [vii] sed urbem fugā petīvērunt. [viii] Omnium
animī ingentī timōre movēbantur.
[5]
Lines 7 – 8 (Iuvenēs … discēdēbant.
)
Who
occupied the Capitol? (1)
Who
went to Etruria? (1)
Who
stayed behind? (1)
[6]
Lines 8 – 11 (Gallī … spectabant)
Describe
what the Gauls saw when they entered the forum. (6); Gallī
urbem intrant, ad forum veniunt: [i] mīrum ibi spectāculum oculīs
ostenditur: [ii] nam senātōrēs animīs ad mortem parātīs* ¦ [iii] adventum
hostium expectābant: [iv] magistrātūs in eburneīs sellīs sēdērunt [v] honōrumque
īnsignia gerēbant. Diū barbarī [v] senēs immōtōs**, [vi] velut deum
imāginēs, spectābant.
[7]
Lines 11 – end (Tum … trucīdant.)
What
provoked the first elderly man? How did he react and what happened afterwards?
(7); Tum
ūnus ē Gallīs M. Papiriī [i] barbam manū permulsit: senex [ii] īrātus [iii]
caput scīpiōne eburneō ferit [iv] statimque ā barbarō necātur. Tum [v]
omnēs īrā moventur [vi] reliquōsque senēs [vii] in sellīs
trucīdant.
*animīs
parātīs: ablative absolute:
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/10/060225-level-2-reading-schoolmasters.html
animus (mind) + parātus (perfect passive
participle)
>
both in the ablative: animīs [ad mortem] parātīs
>
literally: with their minds having been prepared [for death]
>
their minds having been prepared / when (after) their minds had been prepared /
mentally prepared for death
Remember
the “two stages” of translation: [i] go for the literal to be sure you grasp
the construction, and [ii] rework it to convey the same meaning but in a more
fluent manner.
**mōtus:
having been moved; perfect passive participle from moveō, -ēre, mōvī, mōtus
[2]: move
in
+ mōtus > immōtus: unmoved
[B]
Complete the table which parses verbs from the text:
[C]
[i]
Which five of the following nouns from the text are 4th
declension? The other nouns are either 2nd or 3rd
declension:
adventus;
barbarus; corpus; exercitus; fluvius; impetus; iūs; lēgātus; magistrātus; manus
[ii]
A dictionary or vocabulary list would distinguish between these nouns by the
inclusion of the genitive singular: -ī [2nd declension]; -is [3rd
declension + stem change (if any)]; -ūs [4th declension]
What
would the genitive singular be of the nouns listed above?
adventus,
advent __
barbarus,
barbar __
corpus,
corp __
exercitus,
exercit __
fluvius,
fluvi __
impetus,
impet __
iūs,
iū __
lēgātus,
lēgāt __
magistrātus,
magistrāt __
manus,
man __
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