Friday, February 21, 2025

17.05.25: Level 2; topic; Mankind; the human body; accident and illness [10]; ablative of cause

Labōrō, apart from meaning ‘work’ can also refer to ‘suffering (from something)’ similar to the English derivative ‘to labour’, the ailment from which you are suffering expressed by the ablative of cause:

morbus, -ī [m/2]: disease; illness           

Senex morbō gravī laborat. │The old man is suffering from a serious disease.

Similarly:

Aeger morbō gravī aegrotabat. │ The sick man was ill with a serious disease.

Frīgore tremēbam. │ I was shivering with cold

Exercise

Say what you are suffering from using labōrō with the ailment in the ablative case:

febris, -is [3/f]: fever     

fatīgātiō, fatīgātiōnis [3/f]: tiredness

gravēdō, gravēdinis [3/f]: head cold      

īnsomnia, -ae [1/f]: sleeplessness

According to the Roman poet Juvenal, the chances of sustaining an injury in the city are quite high:

And now let’s consider all the other varied dangers, at night:

What a long way it is for a tile from the highest roof to fall

On your head; how often a cracked and leaky pot plunges down

From a sill; what a crash when they strike the pavement, chipping

And cracking the stones. If you go out to dinner without making

A will, you’re thought of as simply careless, dismissive of those

Tragic events that occur: there are as many opportunities to die,

As there are open windows watching you, when you go by, at night.

So I’d make a wretched wish and a prayer, as you go, that they’ll

Rest content with simply emptying their brimming pots over you.

Juvenal: Satires III

16.05.25: Level 1; readings [14]: always trouble with the Greeks

The Romans get angrier:

“Cūr superbiam Graecōrum sustinēmus?”

“Nōs Rōmānōs barbarōs vocant, sē tantum hūmānōs et doctōs putant.”

“Multī Graecī servī Rōmānōrum sunt – servī? Sine dubiō multī servī Graecī dominīs suīs imperant (1), et dominī servīs pārent (1), invītī quidem, sed pārent – nam servī dominīs ēloquentiā et industriā suā cārī sunt. (2)”

“Quis līberōs Rōmānōrum docet? Graecī! Cuius fābulās spectāmus? Graecōrum fābulās! Cui ut puerī pārēmus (1)? Graecīs (1)! Quem doctum et hūmānum putāmus? Graecōs! Dē quō semper disputāmus?  Dē Graecīs! Et quid nōbīs restat? Ēmigrāre ē patriā! Iam enim Graecī Rōmam occupant, iam nōs fugāre parant.”

(1) the verbs imperō, -āre [1]; command, and pareō, -ēre [2]: obey are followed by the dative case

multī servī Graecī dominīs suīs imperant │many Greek slaves command / give orders to their masters

dominī servīs [dative] pārent │ the masters obey the slaves

Cui ut puerī pārēmus? Graecīs! │ Who do we obey as boys? The Greeks!

(2) servī dominīs [dative] ¦ ēloquentiā [ablative] et industriā suā [ablative] cārī sunt │ the slaves are dear to (their) masters ¦ in (terms of) their eloquence and hard work