second conjugation
habeō, habēre, habu│ī
doceō, docēre, docuī: teach
iaceō, iacēre, iacuī: be lying
monēo, monēre, monuī: warn
taceō, tacēre, tacuī: be silent
teneō, tenēre, tenuī: hold
timeō, timēre, timuī: fear
Like other languages, and I’ll use English as an example,
verbs will act in a certain way e.g. I work > I worked. But not all English
verbs do that e.g. I swim > I swam, and they have to be remembered.
The same applies in Latin; many Latin 2nd conjugation verbs
have the perfect stem i.e. habu│ī, but not all of them.
fleō, flēre, flēvī: weep
maneō, manēre, mānsī: remain
respondeo, repondēre, respondī: reply
videō, vidēre, vīdī: see
The same applies to the 4th conjugation; you will see many
of them with a stem in -v-:
fourth conjugation
audiō, audīre, audīv│ī: hear
sciō, scīre, scīvī: know
dormiō, dormīre, dormīvī: sleep
cūstōdiō, cūstōdīre, cūstōdīvī: guard
mūniō, mūnīre, mūnīvī: fortify
pūniō, pūnīre, pūnīvī: punish
Again, you can’t assume that they all do that:
aperiō, aperīre, aperuī [4]: open
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī [4]: feel
veniō, venīre, vēnī [4]: come
Image: the key point is that, whatever that stem letter is,
it stays throughout; the same endings are always added.
habuī: I had
audīvistī: you (sg.) heard
dormīvit: he / she slept
vīdimus: we saw
aperuistis: you (pl.) opened
vēnērunt: they came
