Saturday, May 25, 2024

26.05.24: level 2; perfect tense [7]; 2nd and 4th conjugation (1)

second conjugation

habeō, habēre, habu│ī

doceō, docēre, docuī: teach

iaceō, iacēre, iacuī: be lying

monēo, monēre, monuī: warn

taceō, tacēre, tacuī: be silent

teneō, tenēre, tenuī: hold

timeō, timēre, timuī: fear

Like other languages, and I’ll use English as an example, verbs will act in a certain way e.g. I work > I worked. But not all English verbs do that e.g. I swim > I swam, and they have to be remembered.

The same applies in Latin; many Latin 2nd conjugation verbs have the perfect stem i.e. habu│ī, but not all of them.

fleō, flēre, flēvī: weep

maneō, manēre, mānsī: remain

respondeo, repondēre, respondī: reply

videō, vidēre, vīdī: see

The same applies to the 4th conjugation; you will see many of them with a stem in -v-:

fourth conjugation

audiō, audīre, audīv│ī: hear

sciō, scīre, scīvī: know

dormiō, dormīre, dormīvī: sleep

cūstōdiō, cūstōdīre, cūstōdīvī: guard

mūniō, mūnīre, mūnīvī: fortify

pūniō, pūnīre, pūnīvī: punish

Again, you can’t assume that they all do that:

aperiō, aperīre, aperuī [4]: open

sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī [4]: feel

veniō, venīre, vēnī [4]: come

Image: the key point is that, whatever that stem letter is, it stays throughout; the same endings are always added.

habuī: I had

audīvistī: you (sg.) heard

dormīvit: he / she slept

vīdimus: we saw

aperuistis: you (pl.) opened

vēnērunt: they came

 



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