08.10.24: Level 2; Ordinal numbers – all forms [4]; 100th – 1000th

The same ending -ēsimus is used for the ordinals of the multiples of 100 - 900

Compare these ordinal numbers. 30th and 70th end in -ēnsimus whereas 300th and 700th end in -ēsimus; they are easy to misread. However, note that the multiples of 100 retain the /t/ of centum from which they are formed:

Image #1: If you’re looking at post-Classical texts or inscriptions, you may find the year expressed in [i] Roman numerals [ii] Arabic numerals or [iii] written out in full. Here’s a killer manuscript from Padua; look at the last four lines …

ANNO [ablative] ¦ DOMINI [genitive] [1] MILLESIMO [2] QUADRINGINTESIMO [3] TRICESIMO [4] SEXTO

In the [1]  one thousandth [2] four hundreth [3] thirtieth [4] sixth year ¦ of the Lord

Every part of the year is expressed in ordinal numbers agreeing with annō in the ablative case. Life would have been easier if he had written 1436 – but he didn’t! That there is virtually no space between the words isn’t exactly user-friendly either, but if you want to get into the manuscripts, that’s what you have to face.

Below are years from the first Millennium AD i.e. according to Christian calculation. Years before 1000 obviously will comprise of a maximum of three parts: hundred, tens, units and so, if you see a three figure year, then focus on the beginning of the number rather than worrying about the ending:

ANNO DOMINI [1] CENTESIMO [2] VIGESIMO [3] SEPTIMO    

In the [1] one hundredth [2] twentieth [3] seventh year of the Lord = 127AD

Match the years in Latin with the numerical equivalents listed below.

[1] anno Domini quingentesimo undecimo	_______________
[2] anno Domini nongentesimo tricesimo tertio	_______________
[3] anno Domini centesimo vigesimo primo	_______________
[4] anno Domini ducentesimo tricesimo octavo	_______________
[5] anno Domini septingentesimo sexagesimo septimo	_______________
[6] anno Domini sescentesimo quinquagesimo sexto	_______________
[7] anno Domini nongentesimo septuagesimo	_______________
[8] anno Domini centesimo octogesimo quinto	_______________
[9] anno Domini quingentesimo decimo octavo	_______________
[10] anno Domini octingentesimo quinto decimo	_______________
[11] anno Domini ducentesimo septuagesimo tertio	_______________
[12] anno Domini sescentesimo tertio	_______________
[13] anno Domini quadringentesimo nonagesimo	_______________
[14] anno Domini octingentesimo octogesimo primo	_______________
[15] anno Domini trecentesimo octavo	_______________
[16] anno Domini trecentesimo nonagesimo quinto, usque ad quadringentesimum quadragesimum	______ to ______

121 AD; 185 AD; 238 AD; 273 AD; 308 AD; 395 AD; 440 AD; 490 AD; 511 AD; 518 AD; 603 AD; 656 AD; 767 AD; 815 AD; 881 AD; 933 AD; 970 AD

07.10.24: Level 1; Maxey [15] (3): paragraphs [iii] and [iv]; reading and vocabulary

[iii] Post mīlitēs castra vidēmus. Equōs et frūmentum vidēmus. Hī equī aliōs mīlitēs portant. Alia tēla portant. Nunc est nūllum perīculum. Mox mīlitēs pugnant et tum est magnum perīculum. Post bellum multī mīlitēs sunt dēfessī et domī esse cupiunt. Dux quoque est dēfessus. Dux bonus semper cōnsilia bona habet. Mīlitēs cōnsilia bona ducis semper laudant, sed cōnsilia mala nōn laudant. Dux impiger cōnsilia mala nōn laudat. Dux impiger cōnsilia bona semper habet. Bellum est periculōsum ubi cōnsilia ducis sunt mala.

1. Where is the camp? [2]
2. What two other things do they see? [2]
3. What two things do the horses do? [2]
4. What do the soldiers soon do? [1]
5. How do they feel after the war? [1]
6. Where do they want to be? [1]
7. Who else is tired? [1]
8. What is the characteristic of a good commander? [2]
9. When is a war dangerous? [2]

[iv] Nunc nōn est nox. Nūlla quiēs est in terrā. Virī et fēminae labōrant. Mārcus nōn legit sed ad stabulum ubi equus stat ambulat. In stabulō Mārcus equō albō frūmentum dat. Tum in hortum puer et equus properant. Equus puerum ad flōrēs, rosās et līlia, portat. “Ego sum dux Rōmānus,” inquit puer, “et arma capiō. Gladium et ūnum scūtum portō. Galeam habeō et in tabernāculō sunt duo pila quae nunc nōn portō. Mīlitēs meī mē laudant quod cōnsilia bona habeō.” Māter vocat. Puer et equus domum properant. Post cēnam colloquium, quod dē armīs et bellō est, longum et grātum est.

Complete the translation with the words listed below:

It isn’t __________ now. There’s no  __________ in the land. Men and women are  __________. Marcus isn’t  __________ but  __________ to the stable where the horse is  __________. In the stable Marcus  __________ grain to the  __________ horse. Then the boy and the horse  __________ into the garden. The horse  __________ the boy to the  __________, the roses and the lilies. “I am a Roman  __________,”  __________ the boy “and I  __________ weapons. I’m  __________ a sword and one shield. I have a  __________ and in the  __________ are two javelins  __________ I’m not carrying now. My  __________ praise me  __________ I have good  __________.” Mother is  __________. The boy and the horse hurry  __________.  __________ dinner the conversation, because it is  __________ weapons and war, is long and  __________.

about; after; because; calling; carries; carrying; commander; flowers; gives; helmet; home; hurry; night; peace; plans; pleasing; reading; says; soldiers; standing; take up; tent; walking; which; white; working

06.10.24: Level 2; Ordinal numbers – all forms [3]; 20th – 90th; rapid reading [1]

For fans of statistics, the ablative of annus > annō used to indicate in what year something happened, appears over 1,500 times in the CL literature! 

Note: ā + ablative│from (a certain year) ad + accusative│to (a certain year) 

Match the Latin with the ordinal numbers in the word cloud.

annō (in ...) duodēquīnquāgēsimō

ā (from ...) [i] septimō annō ad (to...) [2] quārtum decimum

annō LXXII

annō secundō

annō secundō et vīcēsimō

annō tertiō

annō ūndēvīcēnsimō

octāvō annō

prīmō annō

quārtō et nōnāgēsimō annō

quīnquāgēsimō annō

septimō decimō annō

septuāgēsimō annō

sexāgēsimō annō

sextō decimō annō

sextō et vīcēsimō annō

sextō trīcēnsimō annō

ūnō et octōgēsimō annō

vīcēnsimō annō

05.10.24: Level 1; Maxey [15] (2): paragraphs [i] and [ii]; notes; (1) eō, īre: go (2) passive constructions

eō, īre: go, an irregular verb

Mīlitēs interdum ā castrīs properant et ad bellum eunt. │ Sometimes the soldiers hurry from the camp and (they) go to war.

eō, īre: go

Present tense

eō: I go

is: you (sg.) go

it: he / she / it goes

īmus: we go

ītis: you (pl.) go

eunt: they go

The text also gives one example of the perfect tense of the verb:

Māter et pater ad oppidum iērunt │ Mother and father went / have gone to town.

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/451995527411721/

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/290524-level-2-perfect-tense-10-eo-ire.html

iī: I went / I have gone

īstī: you (sg.) went / have gone

iit: he / she / it went / have gone

iimus: we went / have gone

īstis: you (pl.) went / have gone

iērunt: they went / have gone

[2] passive constructions

Hanc fābulam, quae de Rōmānīs antīquīs nārrātur, saepe Mārcus in scholā audīvit. │ In school Marcus has often heard this story, which is told about the ancient Romans.

Multī aliī mīlitēs quī in pictūrā nōn videntur … │ Many other soldiers who are not seen in the picture …

A sentence can be active or passive.

An active sentence is when the subject is performing the action.

Rēx militem laudat. │ The king praises the soldier.

A passive sentence is when the subject is experiencing the action. In the present tense, when using the 3^rd person singular (he / she / it) or 3^rd person plural (they), -ur is added to the end of the verb.

Rēx mīlitem laudat. │ The king praises the soldier.

>  Mīles ā rēge laudātur. │ The soldier is praised by the king.

Poētae multās fābulās dē Rōmānīs antiquīs scribunt. │ The poets write many tales about the ancient Romans.

> Multae fābulae dē Rōmānīs antiquīs scribuntur. │ Many tales are written about the ancient Romans.

05.10.24: Level 1; Maxey [15] (1): paragraphs [i] and [ii]; reading and vocabulary

[i] Nox est et quiēs est in terrā. Hiems est. Mārcus, puer Americānus, sōlus est in casā quod māter et pater ad oppidum iērunt. Diū legit. Dē multīs terrīs legit. Hanc fābulam, quae de Rōmānīs antīquīs nārrātur, saepe Mārcus in scholā audīvit. In pictūrā est vir quī mīles Rōmānus est. Ad bellum properat. Est mīles validus et magnus quī arma Rōmāna portat. Sōlus est. Multī aliī mīlitēs quī in pictūrā nōn videntur ad bellum ambulant quod bellum est magnum. Ibi sunt castra Rōmāna ubi noctū mīlitēs manent. Hīc quoque manent ubi in bellō nōn pugnant. Mīlitēs interdum ā castrīs properant et ad bellum eunt.

Choose the correct statement:

[1] It’s a …

(a) cold winter’s night.

(b) quiet winter’s day.

(c) quiet winter’s evening.

(d) quiet winter’s night.

[2]

(a) Marcus and his parents are at home.

(b) Marcus and an American boy are at home.

(c) Marcus is alone at home.

(d) Marcus has gone to town.

[3] Marcus is …

(a) spending a long time reading.

(b) reading a lengthy book.

(c) sitting on the ground reading.

(d) reading about a country.

[4]

(a) The story was written by a Roman.

(b) Marcus has heard this story before.

(c) The Romans often write ancient stories.

(d) Marcus is going to hear this story at school.

[5] The story is about a Roman soldier …

(a) fighting in a battle

(b) riding towards the battle

(c) hurrying to battle

(d) fighting with weapons

[6]

(a) There are other soldiers in the picture.

(b) The soldiers always stay in the camp.

(c) The soldiers never fight.

(d) The soldiers sometimes leave the camp.

[ii] Hic mīles Rōmānus quī est dux mīlitum arma bona portat. Quae sunt haec arma? Hic est gladius validus. Gladius nōn est longus. Nōn est lātus. Scūtum quoque capit. Scūtum ducem tegit ubi bellum est periculōsum. Pīlum habet. Hoc pīlum est longum et validum sed nōn est lātum. Galea quoque ducem tegit. Galeam et scūtum et gladium et pīlum Mārcus videt et laudat. Haec arma mīlitēs bene tegunt. Quod hic mīles est dux, bellum nōn timet. Perīculum nōn timet.

[1] In which order are these weapons and pieces of armour first mentioned?

helmet; javelin; sword; shield

[2] Which phrase completes the description of each weapon …

the sword is …

the javelin is …

long and narrow │ long and sharp │ short and narrow │strong and wide

[3] From paragraphs [i] and [ii]

Find the Latin:

(he) carries; (he) does not fear; (he) has; (he) holds; (he) hurries; (he) praises; (he) reads; (he) sees; (it) protects

(they) don’t fight; (they) protect; (they) stay