Friday, August 8, 2025

02.11.25: Level 3 (review); demonstratives [2]; 3rd person pronouns [i] hic / ille / iste; practice

Complete the quotations with the appropriate forms of [1] hic, [2] ille and [3] iste. The answers are at the end of the post. All of the quotations are from the works of Plautus i.e. plays, which shows the frequency with which they occur in spoken Latin.

[1]

[i] What do you mean by receiving this man at your house – my husband? │ Quid tibi __________ receptiō ad tē est meum virum?

[ii] This poor (girl) suits (me)  │ _________ pauper placet

[iii] Judging by his remarks [ = the remarks of this (man)] │ cum _________ dicta intellegō

[iv] You promise him [ = make a promise to him] │ tū prōmitte _________

[v] They’re calling us sheep, the sluts! / Their shepherd [ = of them / of these (women)] must be taking a nap... │ Ovis nōs vocant pessumae. / Pāstor _________ dormit …

[vi] None of them has it? │ nēmō habet _________?

[vii] Now, I want you to do this (thing) │ nunc ego tē facere _________ volō

[viii] Didn't our ship arrive (on) this night from Port Persicus? │  nōnne _________ noctū nostrā nāvis hūc ex portū Persicō venit?

[ix] And to think I hesitated for a long time whether to buy these men or not! │ at etiam dubitāvī, _________ hominēs emerem an nōn emerem, diū.

[x] Now for a word with the lady [ = I shall address her / this (woman)] │ nunc _________  adloquar

hāc; haec; hanc; hārum; hoc; hōrum; hōs; huic; huius; hunc

[2]

[i] Is he trying me on purpose? │ an __________ mē temptat sciēns?

[ii] I feel sorry for him / the lad │ Miseret [miseret + genitive case] mē __________.

[iii] I leave / go away from them │ abeō ab __________

[iv] There's nothing (1) of those things I didn’t say (2) to him.  │ Nihil est (1) __________ quīn ego (2) __________ dīxerim.

[v] Now I don’t like that [ = that doesn’t please (me)] │ Iam __________ nōn placet

[vi] It’s all over with me (I’ve died) if I don’t find those twenty minae* │ Interiī, sī nōn inveniō ego __________ vīgintī minās

*mina, -ae [1/f]: a Greek silver coin

[vii] And now my father is inside here with her in his arms │ meus pater nunc intus hīc cum  __________ cubat

illā; illās; ille; illī; illīs; illīus; illōrum; illud

[3]

[i] I’ll take care of that │ ego __________ cūrābō

[ii] Untie him │ Exsolvite istum

[iii] Ugh! My heart and head split whenever there’s mention of that man. │ Heu, cor meum et cerebrum, Nicobule, finditur, __________ hominis ubi fit quomque [ = cumque] mentiō

[iv] Those eyes of yours, you old sinner! By heaven, I'll dig 'em out for you. │ oculōs hercle ego __________, improba, effodiam tibi

[v] Go away from them │ Ābīte ab __________

[vi] I'll make you hold that tongue of yours today, you miscreant. │ Ego tibi __________ hodiē, sceleste, comprimam linguam.

[vii] I will appoint some one else to that office │ alium ego __________ reī allēgābō

[viii] That’s your fault │ Tua __________ culpa est

ista; istam; istī; istīs; istīus; istōs; istud; istum

____________________

[1]

[i] Quid tibi hunc receptiō ad tē est meum virum?

[ii] haec pauper placet

[iii] cum huius dicta intellegō

[iv] tū prōmitte huic

[v] Ovis nōs vocant pessumae. / Pāstor hārum dormit …

[vi] nēmō habet hōrum?

[vii] nunc ego tē facere hoc volō

[viii] nōnne hāc noctū nostrā nāvis hūc ex portū Persicō venit?

[ix] at etiam dubitāvī, hōs hominēs emerem an nōn emerem, diū.

[x] nunc hanc adloquar

[2]

[i] an ille mē temptat sciēns?

[ii] Miseret mē illīus.

[iii] abeō ab illīs

[iv] Nihil est (1) illōrum quīn ego (2) illī dīxerim.

[v] Iam illud nōn placet

[vi] Interiī, sī nōn inveniō ego illās vīgintī minās

[vii] meus pater nunc intus hīc cum illā cubat

[3]

[i] ego istud cūrābō

[ii] Exsolvite istum.

[iii] Heu, cor meum et cerebrum, Nicobule, finditur, istīus hominis ubi fit quomque mentiō.

[iv] oculōs hercle ego istōs, improba, effodiam tibi

[v] Ābīte ab istīs.

[vi] Ego tibi istam hodiē, sceleste, comprimam linguam.

[vii] alium ego istī reī allēgābō

[viii] Tua ista culpa est

02.11.25: Level 3 (review); demonstratives [1]; 3rd person pronouns [i] hic / ille / iste

LINK: 04.05.24: review; birthday plans [7] notes: other points (iii); demonstrative adjectives and pronouns [1]

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/04.html

Unlike English, Latin does not have a single, dedicated group of words that function as he, she, it, them etc. There are four sets of words which can act as the equivalent of the English 3rd person pronouns and are usually referred to under the general heading of demonstratives. In this post we will look at three of them:

[i] hic, haec, hoc [image #1]

[a] as a demonstrative adjective describing a noun

hic vir │ this man; discipulī │ these pupils

[b] as a demonstrative pronoun meaning this (man, woman, thing) or these (men, women, things) or, simply, as he, she, it, they etc.

hic est vir fortis │ this / he is a brave man; sunt discipulī diligentēs │ these / they are hard-working pupils

LINKS

(1) 20.02.24 agreement; hic, haec, hoc [1]

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/20_10.html

(2) 20.02.24: practice using hic, haec, hoc

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/read-notes-again-in-previous-post-and.html

(3) 20.02.24: hic, haec, hoc [2]

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/hic-haec-hoc-2-hic-haec-hoc-can-also-be.html

(3) 20.02.24: hic, haec, hoc [3]

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/hic-haec-hoc-3-these-three-words-can.html

[ii] ille, illa, illud [image #2]

LINK: 27.03.24: ille, illa, illud

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/270324-ille-illa-illud.html

[a] as a demonstrative adjective describing a noun

ille vir │ that man; illī discipulī │ those pupils

[b] as a demonstrative pronoun meaning that (man, woman, thing) or those (men, women, things) or, simply, as he, she, it, they etc.

ille dīxit │ that (man) / he said; illī dīxērunt │ those (people) / they said

At illī dīxērunt: Domine, ecce duo gladiī hīc*. At ille dīxit eīs: Satis est. (Vulgate) │ And they said: “Look, Master, there are two swords here.” And he said to them: “That is enough.”

*Note hīc – with long /ī/ - which means ‘here’ i.e. it has a different meaning from hic with short /i/.

The broad difference between [i] and [ii] above is whether the speaker is referring to someone / something [a] close or [b] further away:

[i] Quis est hic? Who is this?

[ii] Quis est ille? Who is that?

ille and hic and can also be used to distinguish between two (groups of) people in a similar way to English ‘the former’ and ‘the latter’ i.e. the sentence refers to the two groups of supporters of Remus and Romulus respectively:

Level 3; Kings of Rome [2]; the new city; the omens; the slaying of Remus

https://adckl2.blogspot.com/2025/05/level-3-kings-of-rome-2-new-city-omens.html

Deōs igitur auguriō cōnsulunt. … Priōrī [i] Remō signum venit; cui sex vulturēs cito appārent. Hōc nūntiātiō, duodecim [ii] Rōmulō sēsē ostendunt. Utrumque rēgem suī comitēs salūtāvērunt. Tempore enim [i] illī, [ii] numerō avium rēgnum sibi vindicābant.

Therefore, they consulted the gods by means of an augur. A sign came first to [i] Remus, and six vultures quickly appeared to him. After this had been announced, twelve showed themselves to [ii] Romulus. The groups of supporters each greeted their king, for [i] the former (i.e. the supporters of Remus) laid claim to the kingdom based upon (priority of) time, [ii] the latter (i.e. the supporters of Romulus) on the number of birds.

LINKS to [i] and [ii]

(1) 04.05.24: review; birthday plans [7] notes: other points (iii); demonstrative adjectives and pronouns [1]

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/04.html

(2) 04.05.24: review; birthday plans [8] notes: other points (iv); demonstrative adjectives and pronouns [2] Examples of ille from the authors

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/040524-review-birthday-plans-8-notes.html

[iii] iste, ista, istud [image #3]

LINK: 04.05.24: review; birthday plans [9] notes: other points (iv); demonstratives and pronouns [3]

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/040524-review-birthday-plans-9-notes.htm

While the distinctions between [i] and [ii] are generally obvious, there is no clear-cut equivalent of iste etc.

As with [ii] it can function as a demonstrative adjective [that / those] or as a pronoun [that (man) / he etc.] but refers to someone / something near the person being addressed, or someone / something with which the listener is connected (i.e. not necessarily physically present). While it can be translated in the same way as ille, check the context because, in Classical Latin, it is very often used pejoratively i.e. there is negative connotation to its use.

Quid quod adventū tuō ista subsellia vacuēfacta sunt (Cicero)│ What of this, that upon your arrival those benches around you / where you’re sitting were emptied [i.e. Cicero is referring to something near the person being addressed]

Quae est ista praetūra? (Cicero) │ what sort of partnership is that of yours? [referring to something with which the listener is associated]

Quid istud est negōtī? (Plautus) │ What business is that of yours?

Tamen istum condemnētis necesse est (Cicero) │ still you must condemn him / that man [clearly pejorative in the sense that Cicero believes he should be condemned]

Hercle istum dī omnēs perduint (Plautus) │ By Hercules, may all the gods damn that man!