22.01.26: Level 1; Carolus et Maria [23][iv] Comprehension (2)

[3] Interdum ā tēctō dominī servī mittēbantur. Saepe sē in fugam dabant. Tum sine auxiliō per tōtam terram errābant. Interdum cum bēstiīs ferīs pugnāre iubēbantur. Interdum servī ā ducibus incitābantur et posteā bellum erat. Animus servī bonī prō dominō suō pugnāre semper parātus erat. Sī dominus et servus in perīculō erant, servus nōn sē, sed dominum servābat. Multī servī vītam dūram agēbant ubi dominī erant saevī.

[3] Comprehension

In what order are the following referred to?

always ready to fight _____

fleeing (escaping) ____

leading a hard life ____

ordered to fight with wild beasts ____

saving the master and not himself ____

slaves sent from the house ____

urged on by leaders ____

wandering through the country ____

[4] "Servōs in Americā nōn habēmus," inquit Maria.

"Ōlim servōs habēbātis," respondet mīles. "Servī vestrī erant Āfricānī et dominī saepe erant saevī."

"Ita, sed ūnus vir, dux magnus, repertus est. Is servīs nōn erat inimīcus," respondet Maria. "Bellum magnum, tamen, inter populōs terrae nostrae erat. Hodiē omnēs sunt amīcī. Incolae inter sē animō bonō sunt. Hoc bellum memoriā tenēre nōn cupiō."

[4] (Bear in mind that this text was published in the United States in 1933)

[i] [a] What does Maria say about slavery in the US, and [b] how does the soldier respond? (4)

[ii] Ita, sed ūnus vir, dux magnus, repertus est. Is servīs nōn erat inimīcus.

Who do you think Maria is referring to?

[iii] Bellum magnum, tamen, inter populōs terrae nostrae erat.

What war is she talking about?

____________________

[1]

[i] they are in Italy

[ii] (1) a soldier, (2) father’s friend, (3) a poet, (4) a friend of the teacher

[iii] a few days

[iv] (1) large, (2) made of wood, (3) many beautiful things

[v] (1) praise him; (2) not cruel

[vi] (1) no servant is treacherous; (2) when the master gives an order (3) they all immediately obey

[3]

always ready to fight (6) │ pugnāre semper parātus erat

fleeing / escaping (2) │ sē in fugam dabant

leading a hard life (8) │ vītam dūram agēbant

ordered to fight with wild beasts (4) │ cum bēstiīs ferīs pugnāre iubēbantur

saving the master and not himself (7) │ nōn sē, sed dominum servābat

slaves sent from the house (1) │ ā tēctō … servī mittēbantur

urged on by leaders (5) │ ā ducibus incitābantur

wandering through the country (3) │ per tōtam terram errābant

[4]

[i] [a] no slaves in US now [b] used to have slaves; Africans; masters often cruel

[ii] Abraham Lincoln

[iii] American Civil War

22.01.26: Level 1; Carolus et Maria [23][iv] Comprehension (1)

[1] Hodiē omnēs Americānī laetī sunt quod in Ītaliā sunt. Hīc mīles, amīcus patris, et poēta, amīcus magistrae, habitant. Hī duo virī Rōmae tēcta habent et paucōs diēs Americānī Rōmae manent. Tēctum mīlitis est magnum et ex māteriā factum. Tēctum multās rēs pulchrās habet.

Pater mīlitis multōs servōs habet. Pater nōn est dominus dūrus. Omnēs servī, igitur, eum laudant. Nūllus servus perfidus inter servōs est. Cum dominus imperat, omnēs statim pārent.

[1] Comprehension

[i] Why are the Americans happy? (1)

[ii] Who lives in Rome? (4)

[iii] How long do the Americans stay there? (1)

[iv] Give three pieces of information about the house. (3)

[v] What do the servants think of the soldier’s father and why? (2)

[vi] What information is given about the servants? (3)

[2] Complete the Latin text with the words listed below. Use the English translation as a guide

"In ancient (1) times, the Romans (2) had many slaves. So the soldier (3) tells it. (4) They did many things. (5) Their work (6) was not always (7) easy. (8) They carried wood; (9) they took care of the fields; (10) they prepared meals; (11) a few slaves were teachers (12) of boys and (13) girls. (14) Others were slaves (15) who (16) were captured in war. (17) If slaves were treacherous, sometimes (18) they were held in chains for a long time. Chains (19) were not pleasing to treacherous slaves. A few (20) were killed. Then (21) the rest of the slaves were sad and afraid. It was not (22) easy (23) to be a good slave if the master was cruel (24) and harsh."

Antīquīs (1) __________ Rōmānī multōs servōs (2) __________. Ita mīles (3) __________. Multās rēs (4) __________. Labor (5) __________ nōn (6) __________ semper (7) __________. Lignum (8) __________; agrōs (9) __________; cēnās (10) __________; (11) __________ servī erant magistrī (12) __________ (13) __________que. (14) __________ erant servī (15) __________ in bellō (16) __________. (17) __________ servī erant perfidī, interdum diū in vinculīs (18) __________. Servīs perfidiīs vincula nōn (19) __________ grāta. Paucī (20) __________. Tum (21) __________ servī maestī et timidī erant. (22) __________ nōn erat servum bonum (23) __________, sī dominus malus (24) dūrus__________ erat.

captī sunt; cūrābant; erant; erat; esse; faciēbant; habēbant; nārrat; necābantur; parābant; portābant; tenēbantur

puellārum; puerōrum; temporibus; facilis; facile; aliī; cēterī; paucī; eōrum; -que; quī; sī

21.01.26: Level 3; indirect statement; the accusative-infinitive [12]; the perfect active infinitive [iv]; practice (2)

Complete the Latin with (1) the introductory verb and (2) the perfect active infinitive

[1]

[i] Flavia (1) says that the boys (2) fought. │ Flāvia (1) __________ puerōs (2) __________.

[ii] I announce that he showed the sign to the barbarian. │ __________ eum barbarō signum __________.

[iii] Livia announces that he sent the sister to Egypt. │ Līvia __________ eum sorōrem ad Aegyptum __________.

[iv] She believes that I hurried into this forest. │ Illa __________ mē in hanc silvam __________.

[v] The boys announce that they went into the prison. │ Puerī __________ sē in carcerem __________.

[vi] They know that the farmers cried. │ Illī __________ agricolās __________.

[vii] Venus knows that Livia raged. │ Venus __________ Līviam __________.

[viii] Venus thinks that he has hidden the gold. │ Venus __________ eum aurum __________.

[ix] We say that Hercules laughed. │ __________ Herculem __________.

[x] You (pl.) announce that the slave worked hard. │ __________ servum diligenter __________.

[xi] You know that Cornelia helped the student. │ __________ Cornēliam discipulam __________.

[xii] You think that I told a joke to him/her. │ __________ mē iocum eī __________.

(1) crēdit; dīcimus; dīcit; nūntiant; nūntiat; nūntiātis; nūntiō; putās; putat; scīs; scit; sciunt

(2) cēlāvisse; festīnāvisse; furuisse; iūvisse; īvisse; labōrāvisse; lacrimāvisse; mīsisse; mōnstrāvisse; nārrāvisse; pugnāvisse; rīsisse

[1]

[i] Flāvia dīcit puerōs pugnāvisse.

[ii] Nūntiō eum barbarō signum mōnstrāvisse.

[iii] Līvia nūntiat eum sorōrem ad Aegyptum mīsisse.

[iv] Illa crēdit mē in hanc silvam festīnāvisse.

[v] Puerī nūntiant sē in carcerem īvisse.

[vi] Illī sciunt agricolās lacrimāvisse.

[vii] Venus scit Līviam furuisse.

[viii] Venus putat eum aurum cēlāvisse.

[ix] Dīcimus Herculem rīsisse.

[x] Nūntiātis servum diligenter labōrāvisse.

[xi] Scīs Cornēliam discipulam iūvisse.

[xii] Putās mē iocum eī nārrāvisse.

[2]

[i] Did you believe that he had written this letter? │ Crēdēbās eum hanc epistulam scrīpsisse?

[ii] He announced that he had fled. │ Ille nūntiāvit sē fūgisse.

[iii] He didn’t know that you had seen the slave. │ Ille nesciēbat tē servum vīdisse.

[iv] Horatia said that she had despaired. │ Horātia dīxit sē dēspērāvisse.

[v] I announced that the girl had slept. │ Nūntiāvī puellam dormīvisse.

[vi] I believed that he had led the woman to Italy. │ Crēdidī eum mulierem ad Italiam dūxisse.

[vii] Iulia knew that the daughter had defended her. │ Iūlia sciēbat fīliam eam dēfendisse.

[viii] Leda was saying that she had suffered. │ Lēda dīcēbat sē doluisse.

[ix] Minerva was announcing that she had hindered the good girl. │ Minerva nūntiābat sē puellam bonam impedīvisse.

[x] We announced that you had sailed to Greece. │ Nūntiāvimus tē ad Graeciam nāvigāvisse.

[xi] You (pl.) were thinking that the messengers had killed the pirate. │ Putābātis nūntiōs pīrātam interfēcisse.

[xii] You thought that Aurelia had given the spear to Antonia. │ Putāvistī Aurēliam hastam Antōniae dedisse.

(1) crēdēbās; crēdidī; dīcēbat; dīxit; nesciēbat; nūntiābat; nūntiāvī; nūntiāvimus; nūntiāvit; putābātis; putāvistī; sciēbat

(2) dedisse; dēfendisse; dēspērāvisse; doluisse; dormīvisse; dūxisse; fūgisse; impedīvisse; interfēcisse; nāvigāvisse; scrīpsisse; vīdisse

[2]

[i] Crēdēbās eum hanc epistulam scrīpsisse?

[ii] Ille nūntiāvit sē fūgisse.

[iii] Ille nesciēbat tē servum vīdisse.

[iv] Horātia dīxit sē dēspērāvisse.

[v] Nūntiāvī puellam dormīvisse.

[vi] Crēdidī eum mulierem ad Italiam dūxisse.

[vii] Iūlia sciēbat fīliam eam dēfendisse.

[viii] Lēda dīcēbat sē doluisse.

[ix] Minerva nūntiābat sē puellam bonam impedīvisse.

[x] Nūntiāvimus tē ad Graeciam nāvigāvisse.

[xi] Putābātis nūntiōs pīrātam interfēcisse.

[xii] Putāvistī Aurēliam hastam Antōniae dedisse.

21.01.26: Level 3; language review; Labours of Hercules [11] The apples of the Hesperides

Mox opus difficilius Herculī imperātum est; mala scīlicet Hesperidum iussus est asportāre, nōn enim locum sciēbat. In monte autem Atlante habitābant Hesperidēs. Ibi cum serpente ingentī māla aurea cūstōdiēbant. Locum tandem nactus Herculēs, Atlantī dīxit: "Vīsne mihi māla aurea auferre? Hoc tē faciente caelum humerīs impositum tuī vice sustinēbō." Cum malīs reversus Atlās Herculī dīxit: "Nunc tibi licet caelum humerīs semper sustinēre, ipse autem abībō." Tum Herculēs per dolum onere humerīs Atlantis iterum impositō, cum mālīs recessit.

Translate the phrases and explain the form and use of the words in bold:

[i] opus difficilius

[ii] locum tandem nactus

[iii] hoc tē faciente

[iv] caelum … tuī vice sustinēbō

[v] cum malīs reversus

[vi] tibi licet caelum humerīs semper sustinēre

[vii] ipse autem abībō

____________________

[i] opus difficilius │ a more difficult work; comparative adjective (neuter singular) < difficilis, -e

[ii] locum tandem nactus │ having at last found the place; perfect active participle < nancīscor, -ī, nactus sum [3/dep]: to meet with, stumble on, encounter, acquire, find

[iii] hoc tē faciente │ while you are doing this; ablative absolute with a present active participle: faciēns, -entis

[iv] caelum … tuī vice sustinēbō │ I will support the sky … in your place [lit: in place / instead of you]; vice [+ genitive]: in place (of); tuī: genitive of tū

[v] cum malīs reversus │ having returned with the apples; perfect active participle < revertor, -ī, reversus sum [3/dep]: return

[vi] tibi licet caelum humerīs semper sustinēre │ you may always support the sky on your shoulders; licet: impersonal verb + dative [literally: it is allowed to you = you may]

[vii] ipse autem abībō │ but I myself will go away; emphatic pronoun ipse, -a, -um (myself, yourself, him/her/itself)

Soon a more difficult work was appointed for Hercules; that is to say, he was ordered to fetch the apples of the Hesperides, for he did not know the place. Now the Hesperides used to live on Mount Atlas. There, with a huge serpent, they used to guard the golden apples. Having at last found the place, Hercules said to Atlas, ‘Are you willing to carry off the golden apples for me? While you are doing this, I will support the sky placed on my shoulders in your stead.’ Atlas, having returned with the apples, said to Hercules: ‘Now you may always support the sky on your shoulders, but I myself will go away.’ Then Hercules, having again placed the burden on Atlas’ shoulders by a trick, retired with the apples.

The golden apples of the Hesperides by Edward Burne-Jones, 1869-73 (detail)