Monday, August 18, 2025

13.11.25: Latin (intermediate) multi-choice questions [2]

[1] Midās nūntiat sē cupere plūs aurī.

(A) that he turns himself to gold; (B) that he is able to have much gold; (C) that he has enough gold; (D) that he desires more gold

[2] Where did the mythological hero Theseus journey to seek the Minotaur?

(A) Sicily; (B) Troy; (C) Egypt; (D) Crete

[3] Who, formerly known as Octavian, became the first Roman emperor and ushered in the Pax Romāna?

(A) Pompey; (B) Marc Antony; (C) Augustus; (D) Crassus

[4] Placetne tibi hoc?

(A) Will you be allowed to do this? (B) Is this necessary for you? (C) Was this permitted to you? (D) Is this pleasing to you?

[5] Which official presided over the Roman senate and commanded the army in war?

(A) quaestor; (B) aedīle; (C) praetor; (D) cōnsul

[6] Senātor ōrātiōnem scrīptūrus in tablīnum intrāvit.

(A) written; (B) about to write; (C) after writing; (D) while writing

[7] “Ferte auxilium quam celerrimē!” clāmāvit rēx.

(A) Bring; (B) they bring; (C) to bring; (D) he brings

[8] The malevolence in her voice was obvious to all.

(A) fear; (B) sweetness; (C) hatred; (D) sorrow

[9] Vir canem prope iānuam dormientem nōn videt.

(A) sleeping; (B) about to fall asleep; (C) to sleep; (D) had been asleep

[10] "Nōlī dormīre propter fūrēs!"

(A) next to thieves; (B) among the thieves; (C) according to the thieves; (D) on account of thieves

____________________

Answers

[1] Midās nūntiat sē cupere plūs aurī. │ (D) that he desires more gold; cupiō, -ere [3-iō]: desire; plūs (+ genitive) more (of) gold; compare Fr: plus de vin

[2] Where did the mythological hero Theseus journey to seek the Minotaur? │ (D) Crete

[3] Who, formerly known as Octavian, became the first Roman emperor and ushered in the Pax Romāna? │ (C) Augustus

[4] Placetne tibi hoc? │ (D) Is this (it) pleasing ¦ to you?; impersonal construction = Do you like it / this?

[5] Which official presided over the Roman senate and commanded the army in war? │ (D) cōnsul

Cōnsul, -is [3/m]: title of one of the two chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, as well as an important title under the Roman Empire

[6] Senātor ōrātiōnem scrīptūrus in tablīnum intrāvit. │ (B) about to write; future active participle; -ūrus, -a, -um = about to do something; look out for the -ūr- marker

[7] “Ferte auxilium quam celerrimē!” clāmāvit rēx. │ (A) Bring; irregular imperative (command) of ferō, ferre: bring

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/07/191025-level-3-fero-and-its-compounds-1.html

[8] The malevolence in her voice was obvious to all. │ (C) hatred (or hostility); derived through French malevolence < Latin: malevolentia, -ae [1/f]: hatred; dislike < malevolēns: spiteful; malevolent [literally: male (bad) + volēns (wishing)]

[9] Vir canem prope iānuam dormientem nōn videt. │ (A) sleeping; present active participle; -iēns / -ient¦is

[10] "Nōlī dormīre propter fūrēs!" │ (D) on account of thieves

12.11.25: Level 1; Carolus et Maria [15][vi] numbers

 A great number of posts have been written about numbers, presenting, testing and discussing them in considerable depth. The links below are to the earliest posts.

CARDINAL numbers: 1, 2, 3 etc.

ORDINAL numbers: 1st, 2nd, 3rd etc.

Cardinal and ordinal numbers LINKS

26.02.24: numbers 1 – 10

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/26_4.html

26.02.24: ways of remembering numbers

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/ways-of-remembering-numbers-numbering.html

28.02.24: numbers 11-20

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/lying-about-your-age-numbers-11-20-step.html

19.03.24 more on numbers (20-100); how to argue about 98 and 99!

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/190324-more-on-numbers-20-100-how-to.html

22.03.24: video; ordinal numbers

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/220324-video-ordinal-numbers.html

22.03.24: ordinal numbers [2]; telling the time

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/220324-ordinal-numbers-2-telling-time.html

09.04.24: more on ordinal numbers [1]; adjectives in -ius / -ī

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/090424-more-on-ordinal-numbers-1.html

09.04.24: more on ordinal numbers; 11th – 31st

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/090424-more-on-ordinal-numbers-11th-31st.html

09.04.24: practice with ordinal numbers

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/090424-practice-with-ordinal-numbers.html

09.04.24: practice with ordinal numbers [2]

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/090424-practice-with-ordinal-numbers-2.html

10.04.24: more detailed dates

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/100424-more-detailed-dates.html

10.04.24: numbers in Proto-Indo-European

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/100424-numbers-in-proto-indo-european.html






12.11.25: Level 1; Carolus et Maria [15][v] listening

Carolus et Maria XV

Section #1

Hodiē Carolus et Cassius et Maria et Helena in casā nautae manent. Fābulās legunt et pictūrās spectant. In ūnā pictūrā sunt trēs puerī Rōmānī quōs Carolus et Cassius maximē laudant. Ā sinistrā est prīmus puer, Marius nōmine. Manlius est nōmen secundī puerī quī est puer medius quoque. Ā dextrā est tertius quī est parvus. Hic est Lūcius. Nunc Cassius fābulam legit. Carolus et puellae audiunt.

[i] Where are the boys and girls staying today? (2)

[ii] What two things are they doing? (4)

[iii] What do they see in one picture? (3)

[iv] Where in the picture is the first boy? (1)

[v] What is the name of the second boy? (1)

[vi] Where is he in the picture? (1)

[vii] Who is on the right of the picture? (2)

[viii] What does Cassius now do? (2)

[ix] What do Carolus and the girls do? (1)

Section #2

“Hī trēs puerī mīlitēs esse cupiunt, sed nōn sunt magnī. Numquam in bellō fuērunt, sed patrēs puerōrum multīs in bellīs fuērunt. Marius quattuor frātrēs quī in bellō pugnābant habet. Lūcius est fīlius ducis bonī. Rōmānī antīquī bellum et arma et tēla laudant. Hieme nōn pugnant sed aestāte vīta mīlitum est saepe perīculōsa. Interdum mīlitēs sunt aegrī et dēfessī. Saepe domōs vidēre cupiunt.

The following statements are false; correct them:

[i] The three boys are soldiers.

[ii] They are tall.

[iii] They were once in a war.

[iv] Their fathers were in one war.

[v] Marius’ five brothers were fighting in a war.

[vi] Lucius is the brother of a good commander.

[vii] The ancient Romans are not fond of wars.

[viii] They fight in winter.

[ix] The life of soldiers is never dangerous.

[x] The soldiers are always tired.

[xi] They rarely think of home.

Section #3

[a] “Quid (1) prīmus puer, Marius, (2) facit? Marius est dux (3) mīlitum (4) quī iaculum longum sed nōn lātum (5) portat. In (6) eius capite est (7) galea. Scūtō (8) tegitur. Ā (9) sinistrā est (10) gladius eius.

[a] Complete the translation with the words and phrases listed below:

What is the (1)  _______ boy, Marius, (2) _______? Marius is the commander (3) __________ (4) __________ (5) __________ a long javelin, but not wide. On (6) __________ head is a (7) __________. He is (8) __________ by a shield. On the (9) __________ is his (10) __________.

doing; first; helmet; his; is carrying; of the soldiers; protected; right; sword; who

[b] Manlius quoque arma et tēla portat. Scūtum et pīlum habet. Lūcius est sagittārius et sagittās capit. Animal nigrum quod post puerōs stat est equus ducis. Mox equus ducem ad hortum ubi sunt castra portābit. Mox erit bellum magnum.”

In which order are the following first referred to?

archer _____

arrows _____

camp _____

commander  _____

garden _____

horse _____

javelin _____

shield _____

war _____

weapons _____

Section #4

Match the first and second part of each sentence.

A

Haec fābula est grāta puerīs, Carolō et Cassiō, …

Mox cum equō et armīs et telīs …

Ibi sunt mīlitēs …

“Nunc, mīlitēs,” inquit dux, Cassius, …

Cōnsilium bonum …

Cōnsilium meum …

Maria et Helena eās fābulās …

Nunc eae nōn sunt …

Casam cūrant et cēnam parvam …

Sōlae in casā …

B

  “est perīculum magnum.

… ad hortum eunt.

… cēnam edunt.

… habeō.

… mīlitēs sed fēminae.

… mōnstrāre cupiō.”

… nōn laudant.

… quae est nunc in mēnsā parant.

… quī mox ad stabulum agricolae eunt.

… sed nūllum perīculum est.

11.11.25: Level 3 (review); Pronouns and demonstratives: more from the authors

Although the posts explain the different ways in which the pronouns and demonstratives are used, bear in mind that the translations really are restricted to a handful of words. The following extracts show many of these in context. At the early stages of original literature, focus on meaning rather than dwelling on why a particular word is being used. Apart from the last two, they’re all from Plautus.

(1) Amōre captus Alcumēnās Iuppiter mūtāvit sēsē in fōrmam eius coniugis │ Jupiter, being seized with love for Alcmena, changed himself into the form of her husband

(2) postrīdiē in castra ex urbe ad nōs veniunt flentēs prīncipēs … ōrant ignōscāmus peccātum suom [ = suum], dēduntque sē │ The following day their foremost men come tearfully to the camp from the city to us [ = to our camp]  … and entreat us to pardon their transgression: and they surrender themselves

(3) Senex avārus vix sibi crēdēns Euclīō domī suae dēfossam multīs cum opibus aulam invenit, …. eius fīliam Lycōnidēs vitiārat │ A miserly old man named Euclio, barely trusting himself, finds a pot full of treasure buried within his house, …. Lyconides had corrupted his /  the old man’s  daughter.

(4) nesciō unde (2) haec (1) hic spectāvit │ I don’t know where (1) he saw (2) these things from

(5) ex aedibus ēiēcit huius māter │ And her mother [ = the mother of this (woman)] has thrown me out of the house

(6) Chrysale, quis ille est quī minitātur fīliō? / Vir hic est illīus mulieris quācum accubat │ Chrysalus, who is he / that man who is threatening my son? / He is the husband of that woman with whom he is lying on the couch.

(7) nam iam domum ībō atque—aliquid surripiam patrī. (1) id (2) istī dabō │ For I'll go home now, and—steal something from my father and give (1) it (2) to her.

(8) Sōsia ille, quem iam dūdum dīcō, is quī ¦ contudit │ That Sosia, who I’ve been talking about all along, he’s the one who smashed me up.

(9) nesciō etiam id quod sciō │ I don’t even know what [ = that which] I know.

(10) Mihi quoque adsunt testēs, quī illud quod ¦ ego dicam adsentiant. │ I have [ = to me there are] witnesses present, who will corroborate what [ = that which] I say.

(11) hanc fābulam, inquam, hic Iuppiter hodiē ipse aget │ This play, then, Jove himself will act in to-day

(12) Neque tū illī neque mihi virō ipsī crēdis? │ You won't believe him, or me, your very husband, either?

(13) nam vīdī hūc ipsum addūcere trapēzītam Exaerambum │ for I saw Exaerambus himself bringing the banker here

(14) Dīxitque patruus Saūl ad eum et ad puerum eius quō abistis quī respondērunt quaerere asinās … et dīxit patruus suus (Vulgate) │ Saul's uncle said to him and his attendant "Where did you go?" And they answered "To look for the donkeys," … and his uncle said to him

(15) Videntēs autem cōnservī eius quae fīēbant contrīstātī sunt valdē et vēnērunt et nārrāvērunt dominō suō omnia quae facta erant. Tunc vocāvit illum dominus suus et ait illī … (Vulgate) │ His fellow servants, seeing what was happening, were greatly distressed and they came and reported to their (own) master everything that had happened. Then his (own) master summoned him and said to him

11.11.25: Level 3 (review); ipse, ipsa, ipsum

English uses ‘-self / -selves’ in two different ways:

[1] As discussed in the previous posts, it conveys the third person reflexive pronoun i.e. ‘himself, herself, itself, and themselves

ex nāvī prōiēcit (Caesar) │ He threw himself from the ship

Puella in flumine lavat │ The girl is washing herself in the river

Per labor perfecit │ He completed the task by his own effort (ie by means of himself)

Dūxit sēcum virginem. │ He took the young girl with him(self)

Cōpiam frūctuum sibi cōnficiunt atque in hiemem servant │ They collect a supply of fruit for themselves and keep it for the winter

Sēsē castrīs tenēbant (Caesar) │ They kept themselves in the camp

[2] It has an emphatic use conveying the same idea as English ‘myself’, ‘yourself’, ‘himself’ etc. in combination with a noun or personal pronoun e.g. I myself can do it, the lady said it herself.

To express this idea, Latin does not use the reflexive pronoun, but the emphatic pronoun: ipse, ipsa, ipsum:

Agricola ipse frūctum numquam adspiciet │ The farmer himself will never see the fruit

Ancilla ipsa amphoram portāvit. │ The maidservant herself carried the jar

Prīmum amīcum plūs quam ipsum dīligō (Gesta Rōmānōrum) │I love the first friend more than me myself

16.07.25: Level 3; review: ipse, ipsa, ipsum

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/04/160725-level-3-review-ipse-ipsa-ipsum.html

[i] The pronoun declines in the same way as the nine pronominal adjectives discussed here:

19.07.25: Level 3; pronominal adjectives; introduction; the naughty nine …

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/04/190725-level-3-pronominal-adjectives.html

i.e. it has the same changes as those adjectives in the genitive singular (-īus) and dative singular (-ī)

[ii] It can translate either as “-self / -selves” or as “the very …”

Cicerō  ipsum laudāvit. │ Cicero praised me myself.

Fidēlissimī servī senem ad templum ipsum portāvērunt. │ The most faithful servants carried the old man to the temple itself /  the very temple.

[iii] in the 3rd person it can stand alone:

ipse cum gaudiō uxōrem senis mīlitis occīsī in mātrimōnium dūxit (gesta Rōmānōrum) │ and with joy he himself married the wife of the old soldier who had been killed

idque reī pūblicae praeclārum, ipsīs glōriōsum │ and this was splendid for the state, glorious for themselves

Dī capitī ipsīus generīque reservent │ May the gods hold in reserve [such a fate] to fall on his own head [ = the head of himself] and his son-in-law's

Examples from earlier posts:

Et omnēs hominēs cupidī erant rēgem Britannōrum ipsum spectandī.  │ All the people were eager to look at the king of the Britons himself.

Ante oculōs prīncipis ipsīus collocātus "Rēx sum" inquit … │ Placed before the eyes of the Emperor himself he said “I am a king”

Tum prīnceps … veniam lībertātemque Caractacō ipsī … dedit. │ The Emperor then gave mercy and freedom to Caractacus himself.

Magna multitūdō captīvōrum Britannicōrum ūnā cum Caractacō ipsō et uxōre frātribusque eius in catēnīs aderant. │ A great number of British prisoners together with Caractacus himself and his wife and brothers were present in chains.

Vōs ipsī iūdicāte: decet mulierem nōn vēlātam ōrāre Deum? (Vulgate) │ You yourselves judge: is it proper for a woman without a veil to pray to God?

Lēgātōs cīvium Rōmānōrum ipsōrum servāvistis. │ You have saved the ambassadors of the Roman citizens themselves.

11.11.25: Level 3; Wild beasts [6] from the authors: Bread and panthers … without the panthers [3]; text, translation with accompanying notes to lines [6] – [10]

[6] hoc vehementius labōrō nunc, quod seorsus ā collēgā putō mihi omnia paranda. │ I am all the more concerned about this now, because, apart from my colleague, I think I shall have to prepare everything.

mihi omnia paranda │ all these things (are) to be prepared ¦ by me = I need to / I shall have to prepare everything; gerundive of obligation

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/03/020625-level-3-gerundive-1.html

[7] amābō tē, imperā tibi hoc. cūrāre solēs libenter, ut ego maiōrem partem nihil cūrāre.  │ Please tell yourself to do this / give yourself that order. You’re usually willing to take care of things, as I for the most part take none.

[8] in hōc negōtiō nūlla tua nisi loquendī cūra est, hoc est imperandī et mandandī; │ In this business there is no concern of yours except speaking  – that is, giving an order and a commission / command.

In hōc negōtiō … │ in this business / matter …

nūlla tua … cūra est │ there is no concern of yours …

nisi loquendī (hoc est) imperandī et mandandī │ apart from that of speaking (that is / i.e.) (of) giving an order and (of) giving a commission

loquendī, imperandī and mandandī are gerunds that indicate the act of doing something

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/03/270525-level-3-gerund-1.html

"In this matter, you have no concern except for speaking: giving orders and commissions." To put it more casually: “All you’ve got to do is speak, order and command.”

[9] nam simulatque erunt captae, quī alant eās et dēportent ¦ habēs eōs ¦ ... │ For as soon as they (will) have been captured, ¦ you have these (men) ¦ who will feed and transport them …

quī alant eās et dēportent; again, this is another example of a subjunctive of purpose; with quī it is used when, for example, saying that somebody has been sent to do something; Cicero already has men there ¦ who will feed and transport the animals i.e. that is their purpose

[10] putō etiam, sī ūllam spem mihi litterīs ostenderis, istō missūrum aliōs. │ I think also that, if you show [ = will have shown] me any hope in your letters, I shall send others (other men) to where you are / to your place.

[i] putō … mē … missūrum │ I think … ¦ I shall / am going to send; future active infinitive

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/06/250925-level-3-grammar-of-things-to.html

[ii] istō: to the place where you are; iste, ista, istud (that) refers to something near the person being addressed

Personal comments:

There’s a sense of frustration on the part of Caelius; this isn’t the first time he’s mentioned the matter. While wild animals have been supplied to him from another source, he clearly doesn’t have enough to stage the extravaganza he has in mind. The political position of curule aedile is not insignificant: does Caelius have his eyes of the prize of a consulship?

One feels that Caelius is pressurising Cicero, referring to a local go-between (Patiscus) who sent panthers to the tribune Curio (one of Cicero’s friends) who, in turn, gave them to Caelius as a gift; in the political machinations of Ancient Rome, ‘gifts’ matter – including (somewhat sarcastically expressed) estates in the countryside – and if others can do all that, why can’t Cicero? Cicero himself, in Caelius’ view, will consider it disgraceful (turpe) that he has been unable not merely to match the number of animals already supplied but, indeed, significantly to increase it, which does read as if Caelius is embarrassing him although others interpret the exchange as light-hearted.

Cicero, according to Caelius, has more than enough authority – and offers a little praise of Cicero’s usual willingness to make arrangements – to order this without taking any direct action himself i.e. no effort required on the part of Cicero and, by his own admission, Caelius is not keen on the idea of sorting things out without assistance (and would possibly prefer not lifting a finger to do anything at all). Nevertheless, there are already men in the vicinity on financial matters (a reference omitted in the excerpt here) who can support Cicero in feeding and transporting the animals: quī alant eās et dēportent ¦ habēs eōsyou have those men to feed and transport them. And Caelius does offer additional assistance when the panthers are caught.

What I find fascinating about this letter, is the importance attached to the hunting show, that Caelius has referred to the animals several times before and has already considered ways in which they can be looked after – and he knows where they can be caught. Panthers, rather than policy, seem to be the concern of this rather pushy political ladder climber. According to Jones and Sidwell, Caelius had been recently elected to this post which, undoubtedly, made it crucial to give a first-rate impression to the spectators of Rome.

I can’t help feeling that, if British politicians were to stage some freeby gladiatorial shows, their ratings would go up – because, as I write, they couldn’t be any lower! Furthermore, if they gave me an estate in the countryside, they’d get my vote.

Freebies, backhanders, use your mate’s influence, be pushy, get someone else to do it, keep the “mob” happy. Sarcasm alert: of course, they’re all things that happened in the past, right? I mean, they don’t happen now, do they?

11.11.25: Level 3; Wild beasts [5] from the authors: Bread and panthers … without the panthers [2]; text, translation with accompanying notes to lines [1] – [5]

Scr. Romae iv Non. Sept. a. 703 (51). CAELIVS CICERONI S. ¦ M. CAELIUS RUFUS TO CICERO, Rome, 2nd September, 51BC

[1] ferē litterīs omnibus tibi dē panthērīs scrīpsī. │ In almost every letter I have written to you about panthers.

[2] turpe tibi erit ¦ Patiscum Cūriōnī decem panthērās mīsisse, ¦ nōn multīs partibus plūrīs; │ It will be a disgrace to you ¦ that Patiscus has sent ten panthers to Curio, (and) ¦ that you haven’t (sent) many times more.

[i] mīsisse: to have sent; perfect active infinitive

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/07/191025-level-3-spartan-boys-contempt-of.html

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/05/020925-level-3-sonnenschein-pro-patria.html

[ii] Patiscus: research suggests that Patiscus was an agent working locally for Caelius to obtain panthers and, most likely, other exotic animals

[iii] Curiō i.e. Gaius Scribonius Curio: Roman politician

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Scribonius_Curio_(tribune_50_BC)

[3] quās ipsās Cūriō mihi et aliās Āfricānās decem dōnāvit │ and these very ones (i.e. beasts), as well as ten other African ones, Curio has presented to me,

quās: connecting relative; it starts the sentence and is referring back to something mentioned in the previous one. Therefore, it does not translate as ‘which’ but ‘And these … (i.e. the animals referred to in the earlier statement)

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/03/270625-level-3-labours-of-hercules-iii.html [note (3)]

[4]  nē pūtēs ¦ illum tantum praedia rūstica dare scīre. │ so that you don’t think ¦ that he only knows how to give (gifts of) estates in the country

[i] + the subjunctive: the subjunctive is used to express the purpose of an action i.e. x does something ¦ in order that / so that y may happen; when is included, it indicates a negative purpose i.e. something is done ¦ so that something does not happen

[ii] …illum … scīre; indirect statement

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/05/310825-level-1-readings-18-damocles.html

[5] tū modo memoriā tenueris et Cibyrātās arcessieris itemque in Pamphȳliam litterās miseris (nam ibi plūrīs cāpī aiunt), quod volēs efficiēs. │ If only you keep (this) in mind / remember (this) [ = literally: if you will have kept in mind], and send for [ = will have sent for] some (panthers) from Cibyra, and likewise send [ = will have sent]  a letter to Pamphylia – for they say they’re mostly captured there – you’ll achieve what you want.

[i] Note in this section the use of the future perfect tense which emphasises the completion of a future action; in English the literal translation sounds clumsy, but English can convey this idea e.g. If you paint the dining room by Tuesday, we can have the party = If you’ve painted the dining room = If you’ve got the dining room painted … i.e. English can use a present perfect tense to stress completion, whereas Latin uses the future perfect:

[ii] item: likewise

[iii] Pamphȳlia, -ae [1/f]: a region in Asia Minor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamphylia

image #1: 15th century map showing Pamphylia

[iv] Cibyra, -ae [1/f]: a town in SE Asia Minor; also: Kibyra (Gk. Κίβυρα)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cibyra

image #2: the Roman theatre of Cibyra; if the panthers had been there, I wouldn’t have booked a seat on the front row!

Images #3 and #4: the stadium at Cibyra and a representation of a gladiatorial scene




11.11.25: Level 3; Wild beasts [4] from the authors: Bread and panthers … without the panthers [1]; text and translation

Caelius is worried. If you want to “get on” in Rome, if you want to climb the political ladder (cursus honōrum), keep the people happy. Give them bread, and give them free shows to let them see what a generous guy you are. Apart from gladiators, the Romans were treated to vēnātiōnes (hunting shows) where men (hunters: vēnātōrēs) would fight wild animals [see image]. The only problem is that, if you don’t have wild animals, you ain’t got no show!

The introduction to this excerpt is from Reading Latin by Jones and Sidwell (pp239ff); the translation, vocabulary and notes are my own. The extensive work by Jones and Sidwell is outstanding: they cover short and manageable excerpts from a wide range of Latin literature of different periods and genres; although there are three separate books, the ‘Text and Vocabulary’ can stand alone. Texts are accompanied by notes which contextualise the excerpts and, by working through the book (which starts with Plautus), you gain insight into significant events. I went through the book from start to finish, and I found it extremely helpful in beginning to find my way through the authors. I would recommend buying the latest edition of this book although an older, and far less detailed edition is at:

https://archive.org/details/jones-peter-sidwell-keith-reading-latin/mode/2up

Image: the text and my own translation

I’ve divided the post itself into three parts:

[i] text and translation

[ii] text, translation with accompanying notes to lines [1] – [5]

[iii] text, translation with accompanyung notes to lines [6] – [10]

Links are given to aspects of Level 3 grammar that have been covered earlier. References will be made to the use of the subjunctive without, at this stage, going into detail.

“Caelius was elected curule aedile, an important step on the cursus honōrum. One of his new duties was to stage public games. Caelius became anxious about the animals to appear in the vēnātiōnes (wild animal hunts).  He was eager to increase his prestige by putting on an extravagant show. So he wrote to Cicero requesting help. He had already made several mentions of these animals in earlier letters.” (Jones and Sidwell)

Scr. Romae iv Non. Sept. a. 703 (51). CAELIVS CICERONI S.

ferē litterīs omnibus tibi dē panthērīs scrīpsī. turpe tibi erit Patiscum Cūriōnī decem panthērās mīsisse, tē nōn multīs partibus plūrīs; quās ipsās Cūriō mihi et aliās Āfricānās decem dōnāvit, nē putēs illum tantum praedia rūstica dare scīre. tū sī modo memoriā tenueris et Cibyrātās arcessieris itemque in Pamphȳliam litterās miseris (nam ibi plūrīs cāpī aiunt), quod volēs efficiēs. hoc vehementius labōrō nunc, quod seorsus ā collēgā putō mihi omnia paranda. amābō tē, imperā tibi hoc. cūrāre solēs libenter, ut ego maiōrem partem nihil cūrāre. in hōc negōtiō nūlla tua nisi loquendī cūra est, hoc est imperandī et mandandī; nam simulatque erunt captae, quī alant eās et dēportent habēs eōs… putō etiam, sī ūllam spem mihi litterīs ostenderis, mē istō missūrum aliōs.

M. CAELIUS RUFUS TO CICERO, Rome, 2nd September, 51BC

I’ve written to you about panthers in almost every letter. You’ll find it disgraceful that Patiscus has sent ten panthers to Curio and you haven’t sent far, far more. And those very beasts, as well as ten others from Africa, Curio’s given to me as a gift, so you don’t think that he only knows how to give gifts of country estates. If only you bear this in mind, and send for some (panthers) from Cybyra, and likewise send a letter to Pamphylia –  for they say they’re mostly captured there – you’ll manage to do what you want. I’m getting increasingly concerned about this now, because, apart from my colleague, I think I’ll have to prepare everything. Please tell yourself to do this. You’re usually willing to take care of things, in the same way that I mostly take none. In this business all you have to do is speak, that is, give an order and a commission, for as soon as they’ve been captured, you have the men to feed and transport them .. If you offer me any hope in your letters, I even think I’ll send others to where you are.