[i] ipse is a demonstrative, also known as an intensive pronoun; note in the declension: genitive singular -īus and dative singular -ī
[ii] It has an emphatic
use conveying the same idea as English ‘myself’, ‘yourself’, ‘himself’ etc. in
combination with a noun or personal pronoun; when used with a noun, the translation may be
‘the very’:
Agricola ipse
frūctum numquam adspiciet. │The farmer himself will never see the fruit.
From the
Caractacus texts:
Et omnēs hominēs
cupidī erant rēgem Britannōrum ipsum spectandī. │ All the people were eager to look at the
king of the Britons himself.
Magna multitūdō
captīvōrum Britannicōrum ūnā cum Caractacō ipsō et uxōre frātribusque
eius in catēnīs aderant. │ A great number of British prisoners together with
Caractacus himself and his wife and brothers were present in chains.
Sed Caractacus ipse
animum audācem … praestitit │ But Caractacus himself displayed a bold
spirit.
Ante oculōs
prīncipis ipsīus collocātus "Rēx sum" inquit … │ Placed before
the eyes of the Emperor himself he said “I am a king”
Tum prīnceps …
veniam lībertātemque Caractacō ipsī … dedit. │ The Emperor then gave
mercy and freedom to Caractacus himself.
Further examples:
Tandem sōlum
tribūs brevissimīs hōrīs, Caesar ipse ad castra cum illīs tribūnīs
perveniet. │ Finally, in only three very short hours, Caesar himself
will reach the camp with those tribunes.
Caesarem ipsum
servāvimus. │ We saved Caesar himself.
Cicerō mē ipsum
laudāvit. │ Cicero praised me myself.
Ancilla ipsa
amphoram portāvit. │ The maid herself carried the jar.
Amīcum rēgis ipsīus
servāvērunt. │ They saved the friend of the king himself.
Fidēlissimī servī
senem ad templum ipsum portāvērunt. │ The most faithful servants carried
the old man to the temple itself /
the very temple.
Lēgātōs cīvium
Rōmānōrum ipsōrum servāvistis. │ You have saved the ambassadors of the
Roman citizens themselves.
Vōs ipsī
iūdicāte: decet mulierem nōn vēlātam ōrāre Deum? (Vulgate) │ You yourselves
judge: is it proper for a woman without a veil to pray to God?
[iii] Note:
in English, -self and -selves, apart from having the same emphatic function as
Latin ipse e.g. I myself will do it, also is used to express reflexive
actions e.g. She hurt herself, he looked at himself in the
mirror; Latin does not use ipse to convey this, but the reflexive
pronoun sē which we will review in the next post.
Complete the
sentences by choosing the correct form of ipse:
[1] The man himself sees the danger. │ Homō ____ perīculum videt.
[2] The man sees
the danger itself. │ Homō ____ perīculum videt.
[3] In the city of
Alexandria itself Caesar waged war with the inhabitants. │ Caesar ____ in urbe
Alexandrīa bellum cum incolīs gessit.
[4] I didn’t want
to hurt the girl herself. │ Puellam ____ laedere nōlēbam.
[5] The king
bestowed honours on [= gave honours to] the citizens themselves. │ Rēx honōrēs
cīvibus ____ dedit.
[6] How do the
Roman women themselves feel about the powers of their husbands? │ Quōmodo
fēminae ____ Rōmānae dē potentiīs marītōrum sentiunt?
[7] Many of the
enemy themselves thanked him. │ Hostium ____ multī eī grātiās ēgerunt.
[8] Thieves stole
the gold of the king himself. │ Fūrēs aurum rēgis ____ abstulērunt.
[9] We ourselves
heard the senator’s speech. │ Nōs ____ ōrātiōnem senātōris audīvimus.
[10] On that very
day he cleaned the stable. │ Illō ____ diē stabulum pūrgāvit.
[11] This was the
very cause of that war. │ Haec erat ____ causa illīus bellī.
ipsa; ipsā; ipsae;
ipsam; ipse; ipsī; ipsīs; ipsīus; ipsō; ipsōrum; ipsum
____________________
[1] Homō ipse
perīculum videt.
[2] Homō ipsum
perīculum videt.
[3] Caesar ipsā
in urbe Alexandrīa bellum cum incolīs gessit.
[4] Puellam ipsam
laedere nōlēbam.
[5] Rēx honōrēs
cīvibus ipsīs dedit.
[6] Quōmodo
fēminae ipsae Rōmānae dē potentiīs marītōrum sentiunt?
[7] Hostium ipsōrum
multī eī grātiās ēgerunt.
[8] Fūrēs aurum
rēgis ipsīus abstulērunt.
[9] Nōs ipsī
ōrātiōnem senātōris audīvimus.
[10] Illō ipsō
diē stabulum pūrgāvit.
[11] Haec erat ipsa
causa illīus bellī.
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