11.07.25: Level 1; Road to Latin [10]; Galbae Taberna; Diana; notes and exercises

GALBAE TABERNA

Galba magnam tabernam habet. Taberna est plēna statuārum et amphorārum. Taberna fēminās Rōmānās dēlectat. Hodiē, Tullia, Claudia, et Camilla tabernam Galbae intrant. Galba fēminās videt. Quid Tulliae dēmōnstrat? Tulliae parvam statuam dēmōnstrat, sed Tullia statuam nōn dēsīderat. Galba Claudiae statuam dēmōnstrat. Claudia statuam spectat et dēsīderat. Itaque fēmina Galbae pecūniam dat. Camilla quoque statuam deae dēsīderat. Galba Camillae rubram Diānae statuam dēmōnstrat. Statua Camillam dēlectat; Camilla Galbae pecūniam dat. Tum Galba fēminīs Rōmānīs amphoram dēmōnstrat; amphora pulchra fēminās dēlectat. Tullia fīliās vocat. Tum Galba fīliābus Tulliae amphoram dēmōnstrat. Amphora puellās quoque dēlectat. Cornēlia et Secunda tabernam Galbae amant. Interdum Galba fīliabus Tulliae parvam statuam dat. Galba puellīs fābulās saepe nārrat. Cornēlia et Secunda fābulās amant. Itaque fēminae et puellae tabernam Galbae saepe intrant.

DIANA

Camilla fīliābus rubram Diānae statuam dēmōnstrat. Puellae statuam spectant; tum Camilla fīliābus fābulam nārrat: “Diāna est dea silvārum et lūnae. Et agricolae et nautae Diānam laudant. Agricolae Diānae corōnas saepe dant quod dea silvās cūrat. Diāna, dea lūnae, nautās dēlectat quod lūna nautīs viam dēmōnstrat. Itaque nautae quoque corōnās dant.” Fīliae Camillae fābulam amant. Quod lūna et silvae fīliās dēlectant, puellae deam laudant et statuam deae ōrnant.

The Dative case was first introduced here:

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/060324-introduction-to-dative-case.html

[i] In the sentence Galba Tulliae parvam statuam dēmonstrat which word indicates to whom Galba shows the statue?

[ii] In the sentence Fēmina Galbae pecuniam dat which word indicates to whom the woman gives the money?

[i] The word Tulliae tells to whom the statue is shown.

[ii] The word Galbae tells to whom the money is given.

The word in a sentence which shows to whom something is given shown or told is called the indirect object of the verb. Such a word is in the dative case

How does each of these words end? Is Tulliae singular or plural? Observe that the word naming the indirect object ends in -ae the ending of the dative in the singular

Observe that the dative ending shown in Tulliae is the same as the genitive ending.

There are two ways in English of expressing the idea contained in the dative case. It may be expressed by using a phrase beginning with to, or to may not be used at all; as, Galba shows the statue to Tullia or Galba shows Tullia the statue. In Latin the indirect object usually precedes the direct object.

In the sentence Tum Galba fēminis Romānis amphoram dēmonstrat, to whom does Galba show the jar? How is fēminis used? Is this word singular or plural? What ending does it have? The dative plural of nouns in the first declension ends in -īs.

What other nouns in the story are in the dative plural? With what verbs are they used? What is the dative plural of fīlia? Filiābus is an exceptional form and is used to distinguish the dative plural of fīlia from fīliīs, the dative plural of the word for son. Dea also has the ending "-ābus" for the dative plural.

​Dative singular, puellae

Dative plural, puellīs 

You are now seeing all the cases being used in the same text. At the early stages, you should keep thinking about what cases are being used, and why.

Here are some examples of the dative case from the text:

Quid Tulliae dēmōnstrat? What does he show to Tullia?

Tulliae [dative] ¦ parvam statuam [accusative] dēmōnstrat. │ He shows a small statue ¦ to Tullia.

Camilla Galbae [dative] ¦ pecūniam [accusative] dat. │ Camilla gives money ¦ to Galba.

Agricolae Diānae [dative] ¦ corōnas [accusative] saepe dant. │ The farmers often give garlands ¦ to Diana.

Galba fēminīs Rōmānīs [dative] ¦ amphoram [accusative] dēmōnstrat. │ Galba shows the amphora ¦ to the Roman women.

lūna nautīs [dative] viam [accusative] dēmōnstrat. │ The moon shows the way ¦ to the sailors.

Galba puellīs [dative] ¦ fābulās [accusative] saepe nārrat. │ Galba often tells stories ¦ to the girls.

Camilla fīliābus [dative] ¦ fābulam [accusative] nārrat. │ Camilla tells a story ¦ to the daughters.

Exercise [1]

1. Quid Galba habet?
2. Cui Galba parvam statuam dēmonstrat? *cui = to whom? to what?
3. Num dēsīderat Tullia statuam?
4. Cui fēmina pecūniam dat?
5. Cui Galba statuam Diānae dēmonstrat?
6. Nõnne Camilla Galbae pecuniam dat?
7. Quid Galba fēminīs dēmonstrat?
8. Quās Tullia vocat?
9. Dēmonstratne Galba filiābus Tulliae amphoram?
10. Quibus Galba parvam statuam dat? *quibus = to whom? to what? (plural form)
11. Quibus Galba fābulās nārrat?

Unit [5]: Grammar exercise

Supply the proper case endings:

1. Interdum domina Rōmāna fīlī ___ fābulās longās nārrat.
2. Puellae femin ___ (pl) amphorās dant.
3. Ancillae Cornēlī ___ et Secund ___ rosās dēmōnstrant.
4. Ancillae rōs ___ (pl) aquam saepe dant.
5. Claudia de ___ (pl) corōnās dat.
6. Hodiē Galba puell ___ bōn ___ (sing) fābulam nārrat.
7. Ancilla domīn ___ (sing) casam dēmōnstrat.
8. Domina ancill ___ (sing) pecūniam dat.