15.07.25: topic; the fruits of the earth [1]; Comenius (1658); pot-herbs

English spelling still hadn’t made up its mind in 1658: from this and other editions we have ‘lettice’, ‘garlike’ ‘garlick’, ‘parsnep’, ‘turnep’, ‘parsly’, ‘perselie’, ‘rhadish’). They were still waiting for a detailed English dictionary, but the Latin is fine!

Pot-herbs │ Olera

Pot-herbs grow in Gardens, │ Olera nāscuntur in hortīs,

as Lettice 1. │ ut Lactūca, 1.

Colewort, 2. │ Brassica, 2.

Onions, 3.  Garlike, 4. │ Cēpa, 3. Allium, 4.

Gourd, 5. │Cucurbita, 5.

The Parsnep, 6. │ Siser, 6.

The Turnep, 7. │ Rāpa, 7.

The Radish, 8. │ Raphanus minor, 8.

Horse-radish, 9. │ Raphanus major, 9.

Parsly, 10. │ Petroselīnum, 10.

Cucumbers, 11. │ Cucumerēs, 11.

and Pompions, 12. │ Pepōnēs, 12.

____________________

Olera nāscuntur in hortīs │ pot-herbs grow in gardens; the verb is most often used to mean ‘be born’, but it also has the meaning of ‘grow’

crēsco, -ere, crēvī, crētus [4]: grow

• animal nuritur et crēscit │ a living creature is nourished and grows
• vīnum crēscit in vīneā │ wine grows in the vineyard
• margarītæ crēscunt in conchīs │ pearls grow in oysters
• frūmenta quædam crēscunt super culmum │ some corn (types of corn) grow upon a stalk / stem

(h)olus, (h)oleris [3/n]; generally in the plural i.e. (h)olera: vegetables, greens, any kind of kitchen or garden herbs

alius enim crēdit mandūcāre omnia quī autem īnfirmus est holus mandūcat (Vulgate) │ One man has faith to eat all things, but he who is weak eats only vegetables

ālium / allium, -ī [2/n]: garlic; Fr: ail

brassica, -ae [1/f]: cabbage; translation in the text: colewort (archaic)

cēpa, -ae [1/f]: onion

cucumis, -is or cucumeris [3/m]: cucumber

cucurbita, -ae [1/f]: gourd

lactūca, -ae [1/f]: lettuce

pepō, peponis [3/m]: pumpkin; translation in the text: pompion [also: pumpion] (archaic)

petroselīnum, -ī [2/n] (from Greek: πετροσέλῑνον │ petrosélīnon): parsley

rāpa, -ae [1/f]; rāpum, -ī [2/n]: turnip

raphanus, -ī [2/m]: radish

• raphanus maior (the larger radish): horseradish
• raphanus minor (the smaller radish)
• also: rādīx, rādīcis [3/f]: [i] root (of a plant); [ii] radish

siser, -is [3/n]: skirret, a type of parsnip

also: pastināca, -ae [1/f], which can also refer to the carrot

carōta, -ae [1/f]: listed in Lewis and Short as ‘carrot’ with one attestation from the Apicius cookbook