21.10.24: Level 1; review; practice in the verbs [6]; 1st conjugation; present tense; online practice

https://linguaclassica.com/LatinVerbDrill.html

21.10.24: Level 1; review; practice in the verbs [5]; 1st conjugation; present tense; more practice

[A] Questions to the Roman and Barbarian soldiers military personnel. Complete the Latin with the verbs listed below.

1. __________ne victōriam, lēgātī? │ Are you (pl.) announcing the victory, ambassadors?
2. __________ne Ītaliam, barbarī?  │ Are you (pl.) occupying Italy, barbarians?
3. __________ne equōs, aurīgae? │ Are you (pl.) spurring on the horses, charioteers?
4. Rōmānī, __________ne pecūniam Gallīs?│Romans, are you (pl.) giving money to the Gauls?
5. Lēgātī,  __________ne pecūniam Rōmānīs?│Ambassadors, are you (pl.) giving money to the Romans?
6. Lēgātī,  __________ne bellum? │ Ambassadors are you (pl.) preparing for war?
7. __________ne oppidum, Ō Rōmānī? │ Are you (pl.) storming the town, Romans?
8. __________ne nostrōs? │ Are you (pl.) encouraging our men?
9. __________ne agrōs? │ Are you (pl.) laying waste to / destroying the fields?
10. __________ne Rōmānōs? │ Are you (pl.) conquering the Romans?
11. __________ne signum proeliī,  lēgātī? │ Are you (pl.) giving the sign for battle, ambassadors?
12. __________ne Rōmānōs, Gallī? │ Are you (pl.) chasing away the Romans, Gauls?
13. __________ne in Britanniā? │ Are you (pl.) spending the winter in Britain?

datis; datis; dātis; expugnātis; fugātis; hiemātis; incitātis; incitātis; nūntiātis; occupātis; parātis; superātis; vastātis

[B] Choose the appropriate verb form to complete each sentence.

1. Barbarī cum Rōmānīs [a] pugnat [b] pugnant [c] pugnātis.
2. [a] Pugnātisne [b] Pugnāsne [c] Pugnatne cum Rōmānīs, barbarī?
3. Cōpiae Caesaris oppidum vāllō [a] circumdat [b] circumdatīs [c] circumdant.
4. Lēgātus victōriam [a] nūntiant [b] nūntiat [c] nūntiās.
5. Lēgātī victōriam [a] nūntiant [b] nūntiat [c] nūntiās.
6. [a] Nūntiāsne [b] nūntiatne [c] nūntiantne victōriam, ō lēgāte?
7. Aurīga equum [a] incitant [b] incitat [c] incitātis.
8. Cōpiae Rōmānae in Britanniā [a] hiemant [b] hiemat [c] hiemās.
9. Ubi [a] hiemat [b] hiemās [c] hiemātis, ō Rōmāne?
10. Quis signum proeliī [a] datis [b] dās [c] dat?

21.10.24: Level 1; review; practice in the verbs [4]; 1st conjugation; present tense

amāre [1] │ to love

amō │I love

amās │you (sg.) love

amat │he / she / it loves

amāmus │we love

amātis │you (pl.) love

amant │they love

[A] “In Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s The Golden Legend, the bells of Strasbourg Cathedral explain their religious and political office, even while under attack by Lucifer and his demons”

https://blogs.hope.edu/belltower/bell-tower-volume-1-issue-1/the-bells-of-our-lives/

Complete the Latin text with the verbs listed below

__________ deum vērum! │ I praise the true God

Plēbem  __________! │ I call the people

__________ clērum! │ I gather the clergy

Dēfūnctōs __________! │I weep for the dead

Nimbum __________! │ I chase away the storm cloud

Fēsta __________! │ I adorn feasts

__________ lentōs! │ I rouse the lazy

Dissipō __________! │ I scatter the winds

__________ cruentōs! │I pacify bloodshed

congregō; decorō; dissipō; excitō; fugō; laudō; pacō; plōrō; vocō

[B] Motto on a church bell; complete the Latin with the verbs listed below:

Patrem  nostrum  __________ │ We celebrate our Father

Chrīstum  fīlium  __________ │ We greet Christ the Son

Sānctum spīritum __________  │ We praise the Holy Spirit

Carōs mortuōs __________ │ We weep for the dear departed

Vīvōs ad precēs __________ │ We call the living to prayers

vocāmus; salūtāmus; plōrāmus; laudāmus; celebrāmus

[C] A statement can be turned into a question by the addition of -ne at the end of the word at the beginning of the sentence; the word is not necessarily a verb. Complete the Latin with the verbs listed below.

[i] Questions to Caesar …

__________ oppidum, Caesar?  │ Are you occupying the town, Caesar?

__________ mūrum, Caesar?  │ Are you storming the wall, Caesar?

__________ signum,  Caesar? │ Are you giving the signal (to attack), Caesar?

Victōriamne  __________, Caesar? │ Are you announcing the victory, Caesar?    

[ii] Questions to a Roman soldier …

__________ne  barbarum? │ Are you wounding the barbarian?

__________ne barbarōs? │ Are you alarming the barbarians?

__________ne in Britanniā? │ Are you spending the winter in Britain?

__________ne  oppidum vāllō? │ Are you surrounding the town with a fortification?

__________ne prōvinciam?  │ Are you pacifying the province?

[iii] Questions to a Barbarian soldier …

__________ agrōs Rōmānōrum?  │ Are you laying waste to / destroying the fields of the Romans?

__________ Rōmānum?  │ Are you overcoming the Roman?

circumdās; dāsne; expugnāsne; hiemās; nūntiās; occupāsne; pācās; perturbās; superāsne; vastāsne; vulnerās

20.10.24: Level 2; reading; dē porculō [2]

Dē porculō [2]

Itaque senex sēcum reputāvit, “Cum ignis baculum usserit, fortasse baculum canem pulsābit.” Itaque senex ignem baculum ūrere iussit, sed ignis nōluit. Senex igitur iam īnsānus sibi dīxit, “Cum aqua ignem exstīnxerit, fortasse ignis baculum ūret.” Itaque aquam ignem exstinguere iussit, sed aqua hoc facere recūsāvit. Senex igitur īnsānior sibi dīxit. “Cum bōs aquam biberit, fortasse aqua ignem exstinguet.” Bovem igitur aquam bibere iussit, quod bōs facere recūsāvit. Senex igitur īnsānissimus sibi dīxit, “Cum fīlius meus bovem interfēcerit, fortasse bōs aquam bibet.” Fīlium igitur bovem interficere iussit, quī senī “Ō senex,” inquit, “abī in malam rem!”

Vocabulary and notes

exstinguō, -ere, exstīnxī [3]: put out (e.g. a fire)

recūsō, -āre, -avī [1]: refuse

ūrō, -ere, ussī [3]: burn

Notes

[i] bōs, bovis [3 m/f]: ox, cow, bull; a head of cattle; this is a rare occurrence of a noun that has multiple possiblities for certain forms; Wiktionary lists them all, but some of them are very infrequent, one of them only appearing once in a Latin inscription. However, if it exists (even once), it will be listed.

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bos#Noun_13

Posted is the declension with the most common endings.

[ii] The text shows you the three degrees of an adjective

positive: insānus, -a, -um │ mad; demented

comparative: insānior [masc. / fem.], insānius [neut.] │crazier; more demented

superlative: insānissim¦us, -a, -um │craziest; most demented; also: very mad

The comparative and superlative will be the next topic.

[iii]

senex sēcum reputāvit │ the old man thought to himself [literally: ‘together with himself’]

senex … sibi dīxit │ the old man said to himself

[iv]

Abi in malam rem! Literally: go into the bad thing = get knotted, take a hike, get lost … and possibly other more “colourful” phrases

A nice 1912 translation:

Abi in malam rem, ludis me. (Plautus) │ Away with you to utter perdition! You are trifling with me.

crux, crucis [3/f]: wooden frame for crucifixion, especially a cross

ī / abī in malam crucem! │ Literally: go / go away onto the evil / bad cross = go and be hanged, go to the devil etc.  

The Victorians liked ‘perdition’ in their translations; here’s an 1895 translation of Plautus:

ī in malam crucem │ Away with you to utter perdition!

Vah, apage tē ā mē! (Plautus) │ Get away with you from me!

And, my favourite, an absolutely priceless one from Suetonius …

Abī Morbōviam! │ Go away to disease land!

Questions

[A] Who said what? Fill in the blanks with the word listed below.

Quid dīxit senex ignī? │ “__________ baculum!”

Quid dīxit baculum? │ “__________”

Quid dīxit senex aquae? │ “__________ ignem!”

Quid dīxit aqua? │ “__________”

Quid dīxit senex bovī? │ “__________ aquam!”

Quid dīxit bōs? │ “Aquam __________ nōlō.”

Quid dīxit senex fīliō suō? │ “__________ bovem!”

Quid dīxit fīlius patrī suō? │“__________ in malam rem!”

abī; bibe; bibere; exstingue; interfice; nōlō; recūsō; ūre

[B] In which order are the following first referred to?

The old man thought that perhaps …

his son would kill the ox

the fire would burn the stick

the ox would drink the water

the stick would beat the dog

the water would put out the fire

[C] Take a look at these sentences from the text and complete the translations using the words listed below. Don’t think about the Latin verb forms – not yet; once the whole text is completed, we will look at these in detail. The main aim at this point is to understand meaning rather than be side-tracked by grammar.

[i] Senex sēcum reputāvit:

“Cum ignis baculum usserit, fortasse baculum canem pulsābit.”

When the fire __________ the stick, perhaps the stick __________ the dog.

[ii] Senex iam īnsānus sibi dīxit:

“Cum aqua ignem exstīnxerit, fortasse ignis baculum ūret.”

When the water __________ the fire, perhaps the fire __________ the stick.

[iii] Senex īnsānior sibi dīxit.  

“Cum bōs aquam biberit, fortasse aqua ignem exstinguet.”

When the ox __________ the water, perhaps the water __________ the fire.

[iv] Senex igitur īnsānissimus sibi dīxit:

“Cum fīlius meus bovem interfēcerit, fortasse bōs aquam bibet.”

When my son __________ the ox, perhaps the ox __________ the water.

has burned; has drunk; has killed; has put out; will beat; will burn; will drink; will put out

20.10.24: Level 2; reading; dē porculō [1]

Dē porculō [1]

Ōlim senex quīdam Rōmam īvit, ubi porculum pinguem emit. Deinde domum porculum redūxit, quī per portam īre nōluit. Senex igitur porculum baculō vehementer pulsāvit, sed porculus nihilōminus per portam īre nōlēbat. Nihil enim faciēbat nisi humī sedēbat. Senex tandem sēcum putāvit, “Cum canis porculum momorderit, fortasse porculus per portam intrābit.” Canem igitur mordēre iussit, sed canis nōluit. Senex igitur sēcum reputāvit, “Cum baculum canem pulsāverit, fortasse canis porculum mordēbit.” Baculum igitur canem pulsāre iussit, sed baculum nōluit.

Vocabulary and notes

pinguis, -e: fat; plump

nihilōminus: nevertheless

mordeō, -ere, momordī [2]: bite

iubeō, -ere, iussī [2]: order; command i.e. tell somebody to do [+ infinitive] something

canem igitur mordēre iussit

humī < humus, -ī [2/f]: ground

Note: this is one of a very small group of nouns that has a locative case; all the necessary information on this is at:

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/290324-locative-case.html

The locative case was originally a separate case in Latin that merged with the ablative case; it is used primarily with the names of towns, cities and small islands when stating that you are in that place:

• Rōmae: in / at Rome
• Pompeiīs: in Pompeii
• Brundisiī: in Brundisium

There are, however, a handful of nouns that have retained a locative ending:

• humus (ground) > humī: on the ground
• domus (house) > domī: at home
• rūs (countryside) > rūrī: in the countryside

Questions

1. Where was the old man going? [1]
2. What did he want to buy? (a) a large fat pig (b) a small, fat pig (c) a Roman pig [1]
3. The pig refused to (a) go home (b) go to Rome (c) go through the gate [1]
4. How do we know the pig was determined not to move? [2]
5. What did the pig do instead? [2]
6. What did the farmer want the dog to do? (a) bite the pig (b) chase the pig (c) murder the pig [1]
7. How did the dog react to this? [1]
8. What did he tell the stick to do and how did it react? [2]

19.10.24: Level 1; review; practice in the verbs [3]; sum, esse; present, imperfect, future; online practice

https://linguaclassica.com/LatinVerbDrill.html

19.10.24: Level 1; review; practice in the verbs [2]; sum, esse; present, imperfect, future; further practice

[A] Complete  the  following  with  the appropriate form of the verb.

(1) Ego [a] sunt [b] sum [c] sumus fessus. 

(2) [a] Esne [b] Estne [c] Estisne vōs vulnerātī? 

(3) Tū nōn [a] es [b] est [c] esse vulnerātus. 

(4) Cūr [a] estis [b] est [c] es vōs captivī? 

(5) Mox vōs [a] estis [b] erātis [c] eritis magistrī. 

(6) Ōlim nōs [a] sumus [b] erāmus [c] erimus servī. 

(7) [a] Esne [b] Estne [c] Estisne tū servus? 

(8) Ubi [a] erās [b] estis [c] erit, Carole? 

(9) Ubi [a] erās [b] es [c] erat Carolus? 

(10) Ubi  [a] erās [b] eritis [c] est, sociī?

(11) Ubi [a] sunt [b] sumus [c] sum sociī  nostrī? 

(12) Nōs [a] sunt [b] sumus [c] sum parātī? 

(13) Cūr vōs nōn parātī  [a] erātis [b] est [c] es? 

(14) Sociī nostrī  ibi  [a] erant [b] erat [c] estis. 

(15) Nōs in  scholā  [a] erat [b] eris [c] erāmus, vōs in oppidō [a] estis [b] eram [c] erimus.

(16) Nunc nōs agricolae  [a] sunt [b] sum [c] sumus,  ōlim vōs nautae [a] estis [b] erātis [c] eritis. 

(17) Carolus [a] est [b] es [c] erant tūtus, amīcī  [a] sumus [b] sunt [c] erat captīvī. 

(18) Ōlim Barbarī in Ītaliā [a] sunt [b] erunt [c] erant,  nunc Caesar in oppidō [a] est [b] erat [c] es.

[B] Complete the following with the proper tense; look out for

• ōlim: in the past; formerly
• heri: yesterday
• hodiē: today
• nunc: now
• crās: tomorrow
• mox: soon
• nunquam: never

Note also the punctuation:

• Romānī, … / Puerī, … i.e. addressing the Romans / the boys directly
• Crasse, … i.e. addressing Crassus directly

1. Crās ego in oppidō __________ ; ubi tū __________ ?
2. Cūr tū in oppidō heri nōn __________ ?
3. Ōlim in Britanniā __________ Rōmānī.
4. Rōmānī, ōlim __________ in Britanniā.
5. Nunc nōs __________ puerī, ōlim vōs __________ puerī.
6. Hodiē ego prīmus __________ , heri Carolus prīmus __________ , crās tū prīmus __________ .
7. Heri barbarī in silvīs __________ , crās in oppidō __________ .
8. Rōmānī, cūr heri in agrīs __________ ?
9. Crasse, cūr nunc in mūrō nōn __________?
10. Puerī, mox virī __________ .
11. Britannī nunquam servī __________ .
12. Ōlim ego prīmus __________ , hodiē tū prīmus __________ .
13. Crās nōs in scholā __________ , vōs in oppidō __________ .
14. Nunc dux in oppidō __________ , mox in castrīs __________ .

____________________

[A]

Ego  [b] sum fessus. 
[c] Estisne vōs vulnerātī? 
Tū  nōn [a] es vulnerātus. 
Cūr  [a] estis vōs captivī? 
Mox vōs   [c] eritis magistrī. 
Ōlim nōs [b] erāmus servī. 
[a] Esne tū servus? 
Ubi  [a] erās,  Carole? 
Ubi  erat Carolus? 
Ubi  [b] eritis [c] est,  sociī?
Ubi [a] sunt sociī  nostrī? 
Nōs [b] sumus parātī? 
Cūr  vōs  nōn  parātī [a] erātis ? 
Sociī nostrī  ibi  [a] erant . 
Nōs in scholā [c] erāmus, vōs  in  oppidō [a] estis .
Nunc nōs  agricolae  sumus, ōlim vōs  nautae [b] erātis. 
Carolus [a] est tūtus,  amīcī  [b] sunt captīvī. 
Ōlim Barbarī in Ītaliā [c] erant,  nunc Caesar in  oppidō [a] est.

[B]

Crās ego in oppidō erō; ubi tū eris?
Cūr tū in oppidō heri nōn erās?
Ōlim in Britanniā erant Rōmānī.
Rōmānī, ōlim erātis in Britanniā.
Nunc nōs sumus puerī, ōlim vōs erātis puerī.
Hodiē ego prīmus sum, heri Carolus prīmus erat, crās tū prīmus eris.
Heri barbarī in silvīs erant, crās in oppidō erunt.
Rōmānī, cūr heri in agrīs erātis?
Crasse, cūr nunc in mūrō nōn es?
Puerī, mox virī eritis .
Britannī nunquam servī erant.
Ōlim ego prīmus eram, hodiē tū prīmus es.
Crās nōs in scholā erimus, vōs in oppidō eritis.
Nunc dux in oppidō est, mox in castrīs erit.

19.10.24: Level 1; review; practice in the verbs [1]; sum, esse; present, imperfect, future

Nunc puer sum │ Now I am a boy.

Ōlim īnfāns eram │ At one time (formerly; in the past) I was an infant.

Mox vir erō │ Soon I shall be a man.

[A]

[1] Ōlim agricola eram.

[2] Ōlim agricolae erāmus.

[3] Nunc mīles sum.

[4] Nunc mīlitēs sumus.

[5] Mox lēgātus erō.

[6] Ōlim in oppidō eram.

[7] Nunc in scholā sum.

[8] Mox erō in agrō.

[9] Ōlim captīvus eram.

[10] Nunc līber sum.

[11] Mox līberī erimus.

[12] Mox in Ītaliā erō.

[13] Ōlim in Ītaliā erāmus.

Note the number:

[a] Who was …

formerly a prisoner?

in the town at one time?

once a farmer?

[b] Who were …

farmers at one time?

in Italy in the past?

[c] Who is now …

a freedman?

a soldier?

in school?

[d] Who are now soldiers?

[e] Which person will soon be …

an ambassador?

in Italy?

in the field?

[f] Who will soon be freedmen?

[B] Image #2: match up; Are you ready?!

You can try the exercise here or have a go online:

https://puzzel.org/matching-pairs/play?p=-O6UyNAFfarZFBjVe15Z