26.12.24: Level 2; the passive voice [11]; present tense passive; Comenius; musical instruments

Extracts from Comenius’ work showing the present passive

Mūsica īnstrūmenta sunt quae edunt vōcem │ Musical instruments are those which make a sound

Prīmō, │ First,

cum pulsantur │ when they are beaten upon

ut Cymbalum │ Like a cymbal

Tintinnābulum │ a little bell

Secundō, │ Secondly,

in quibus chordae │ in which chords

intenduntur et plectuntur │ are stretched and struck upon

ut Nablium │ like the psaltery

cum Clavicordīō │ with the virginal (clavichord)

Tandem │ At last

quae īnflantur │ Those which are blown

ut ōre │ as with the mouth

Fistula (tībia) │ the flute

Tībia utriculāris │ the bagpipe

Tuba, Buccina │ the trumpet

26.12.24: Level 2; the passive voice [10]; present tense passive; vidētur

[1] The first four lines of Carmen 51 by Catullus shows a common translation of the passive form of videō, -ere (2): see

vidētur: he is seen > he seems, and what the person seems to do is in the infinitive:

Catullus

Ille mī pār [i] esse deō vidētur, │ he (that man) seems to me (mī = mihi) [i] to be equal to a god

ille, sī fās est, [ii] superāre dīvōs, │ he, if it is lawful / allowed, [ii] to surpass the gods,

quī sedēns adversus identidem tē │ who, sitting opposite you

spectat et audit│ watches (you) and listens (to you)

[2] Plautus uses the plural form - less romantically:

nōn hominēs habitāre mēcum mī hīc videntur, sed suēs (Plautus) │ Not human beings seem to be living with me, but pigs.

25.12.24: Level 1; Julia, a Latin Reader (Reed) [1](1)

Iūlia _______ ______ est. Prope _____ ___________ habitat.

Britannia est _______ patria.

Puellae ______________ ōram maritimam ______.

_______ quoque amant puellae Britannicae.

Iūlia est fīlia ___________ et ______ parvam _________.

Sed Iūlia ōram maritimam et nautās _____.

_______ quoque _______ amant.

______ prope ōram maritimam Iūlia _________.

__________ fīliae ___ Iūliā __________, et ______ ōram maritimam _________.

agricolae; amant; amat; ambulant; ambulat; Britannicae; casam; cum; habitat; Iūliae; Iūliam; maritimam; nautae; nautārum; nautās; ōram; parva; prope; puella; saepe; saltant

Julia is a little girl. She lives near the seashore. Britain is Julia's country. British girls love the seashore. British girls love sailors too. Julia is the daughter of a farmer and lives in a small cottage. But Julia loves the seashore and sailors. Sailors also love Julia. Julia often walks near the seshore. The sailors' daughters walk with Julia, and dance near the seashore.

____________________

25.12.24: level 1; topic; school [11]; Comenius: Ianua Linguarum Reserata [3]: concerning things at school [3]; vocabulary [2] books, paper, maps

charta, -ae [1/f]: [i] (CL) papyrus; paper [ii] (Mediaeval) map

mappa, -ae [1/f]: (New Latin) map, but is used in the Mediaeval period in the expression mappa mundī to refer to any European world map

papȳrus, -ī [2 m/f]: paper made from papyrus

margo, marginis [3 m/f]: margin

terms referring to types of books:

capsa, -ae [1/f]: a container (usually cylindrical) for containing scrolls

cōdex, cōdicis [3/m]: book; notebook; this term is used when classifying manuscripts

liber; librī [2/m]: book

librarium, -ī [2/n]: bookcase; library

scrīptum, -ī [2/n]: anything that is written

volumen, voluminis [3/n]: book but usually in the sense of a scroll

24.12.24: Level 1; D’Ooge; Colloquia Latina [3]

C: (Ante iānuam.) Salvē! Salvē!

M: Quis ante iānuam est ?

C: Cassius sum, amīcus probus dominī bonī. Estne dominus domī?

M: Dominus domī nōn est, sed in hortō ambulat.

C: Mē miserum! Estne hortus procul?

M: Ita est, et via longa est et ardua.

C: Ambulatne sōlus in hortō an cum aliīs?

M: Nōn sōlus sed cum puerō Carōlō ambulat.

C: Sine dubiō hortus pulcher est.

M: Sāne, et rosārum plēnus est.

C: Valdē rosās rubrās amō. Nōnne rosās amās ?

M: Eccam* rōsam rubram quae est ex dominī hortō !

(Rōsam Cassiō dat.)

C: Agō tibi grātiās. Valē!

*eccam is a contraction of ecce + eam: here / there it / she is; similarly: eccum (here / there he / it is); more common is simply ecce + the noun in the nominative

Vocabulary

[i]

ancilla, -ae [1/f]: maidservant

iānua, -ae [1/f]: door

rosa, -ae [1/f]: rose

amīcus, -ī [2/m]: friend

hortus, -ī [2/m]: garden

puer, -ī [2/m]: boy

dubium, -ī [2/n]: doubt

alius, -a, -ud: other

arduus, -a, -um: hard (as in ‘hard to reach’); difficult; arduous

plēnus, -a, -um: full

probus, -a, -um: honest; true; (morally) upright

pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum: beautiful

sōlus, -a, -um: alone

ruber, rubra, rubrum: red

Find the Latin

1. (she) gives
2. at home
3. but
4. he is walking
5. I am
6. in front of; before
7. is he walking?
8. poor me!
9. thank you
10. very much; really
11. who?
12. with
13. without
14. yes; that’s so

____________________

C: (In front of the door) Hello! Hello!!

M: Who’s at the door? [= who is before / in front of the door]

C: I am Cassius, an honest friend of the good master. Is the master at home?

M: The master isn’t at home, but (he’s) walking in the garden.

C: Poor me! Is the garden far away?

M: Yes, and the road is long and difficult.

C: Is he walking alone in the garden or with others?

M: He’s not walking alone but with the boy Carolus. (Charles)

C: Without doubt the garden is beautiful.

M: Yes, and it is full of roses.

C: I really love red roses. You love roses, don’t you?

M: Here is a red rose that is from the master's garden!

(Gives the rose to Cassio.)

M: Thank you. Goodbye!

24.12.24: Level 2; the passive voice [9]; present tense passive; all forms [5]; translation practice [2]

From: Initium (Appleton); adapted

Dialogus dē Vōce Passīvā

Complete the Latin translation with the words and phrases below.

Magister: Canis mē [1] __________. Ā cane [2] __________. Ā quō mordeor? │ The dog bites me. I am bitten by a dog. By what am I bitten?

Discipulī: Ā cane [3] __________. │ You are bitten by a dog.

Magister: Canis fēlem mordet. Ā quō [4] __________ fēlēs? │ The dog bites the cat. By what is the cat bitten?

Discipulī: [5] __________  mordētur fēlēs. │ The cat is bitten by a dog.

Magister: Canis rabidus [6] __________  mordet. Ā quō [7] __________ ? │ A rabid dog bites us. By what are we bitten?

Discipulī: [8] __________  mordēmur. │ We are bitten by a mad dog.

Magister: [9] __________   mordet canis. Ā quō [10] __________ ? │ A dog bites you (pl.). By what are you (pl.) bitten?

Discipulī: [11] __________  ā cane mordēmur. │ We are bitten by a dog.

Magister: Canis mīlitēs mordet. [12] __________ mordentur mīlitēs? │ A dog bites the soldiers. By what are the soldiers bitten?

Discipulī: Ā cane [13] __________  mīlitēs. │ The soldiers are bitten by a dog.

Magister: Canem [14] __________ . Ā quō [15] __________   canis? │ I kill the dog. By whom is the dog killed?

Discipulī: [16] __________   interficitur canis. │ The dog is killed by you.

Magister: Ā quō [17] __________  iterum __________ ? │ By what am I not bitten again?

Discipulī: Ā cane [18] __________ iterum  __________ . │ You are not bitten again by the dog.

Magister: Dominus canem frūstrā [19] __________ . Ā quō canis frūstrā [20] __________? │ The master looks for the dog in vain. By whom is the dog looked for in vain?

Discipulī: [21] __________ canis frūstrā quaeritur. │ The dog is looked for in vain by the master.

Magister: Ubī [22] __________ canis? │ Where is the dog buried?

Discipulī: In hortō canem [23] __________. │ We bury the dog in the garden.

Magister: [24] __________ fossa [25] __________? │ By whom (pl.) is the ditch dug?

Discipulī: [26] __________ fossa foditur. │ The ditch is dug by us.

Magister: [27] __________  [28] __________  ipsōs [29] __________? │ Who guards the guards themselves?

Discipulī: Ā [30] __________ cūstōdēs [31] __________. │ The guards are guarded by nobody.

ā cane; ā cane rabidō; ā dominō; ā nōbīs; ā quibus; ā quō; ā tē; cūstōdēs; cūstōdit; cūstōdiuntur; foditur; interficiō; interficitur; mordēminī; mordēmur; mordentur; mordeor; mordēris; mordet; mordētur; nōn … mordeor; nōn … mordēris; nōs; nōs; nūllō; quaerit; quaeritur; quis; sepelīmus; sepelītur; vōs

____________________

answers

1. mordet
2. mordeor
3. mordēris
4. mordētur
5. ā cane
6. nōs
7. mordēmur
8. ā cane rabidō
9. vōs
10. mordēminī
11. nōs
12. ā quō
13. mordentur
14. interficiō
15. interficitur
16. ā tē
17. nōn … mordeor
18. nōn … mordēris
19. quaerit
20. quaeritur
21. ā dominō
22. sepelītur
23. sepelīmus
24. ā quibus
25. foditur
26. ā nōbīs
27. quis
28. cūstōdit
29. cūstōdēs
30. nūllō
31. cūstōdiuntur