Find the Latin in the word cloud:
(the sun) rises
he / she sets out
he / she threatens
I am angry
I linger
I wander
they promise
they return
they use
we follow
we lie
we return
you (pl.)
encourage
you (pl.) fear
you (pl.) try
you (sg.) admire
you (sg.) go out
you (sg.) speak
cōnāminī; ēgrederis;
hortāminī; īrāscor; loqueris; mentīmur; minātur; mīrāris; moror; oritur; pollicentur;
proficīscitur; regredimur; revertuntur; sequimur; ūtuntur; vagor; verēminī
Dē hieme
Hieme sōl humilis
ab austrō vidētur. Merīdiē vix calēscit. Brevissimī diēs, noctēs longissimae
sunt. Nam ad occāsum properat sōl hībernus; nox hīberna morātur ac tardātur. In
diēs frīgēscit. Terra frīgore et pruīnā rigēscit. Tempestās perfrīgida fit.
Prīmā hieme nix in
altīs montibus esse incipit. Cōpia nivis in diēs crēscit. Omnia loca superiōra
paulātim nive albēscunt. Flūmina et lacūs rigent gelū. Post paulō īnferiōra
quoque loca nive alba sunt. Caelum iam serēnum iam nūbibus obscūrum est.
Tum dēmum summa*
hiems in terram ruit. Ventī per terrās turbine flant. Omnia furōre tempestātis
miscentur. Nox ātra terrae impendet. Hiems omnia nive cingit. Multōs diēs
tempestās furit. Posteā fragor ventōrum cadit. Boreās nūbēs fugat atque caelum
serēnat. Omnia silent. Tum sōl, lūna et lūcida sīdera omnēs agrōs silvāsque
nive candidās dēspiciunt.
Vocabulary
humilis,
-e: low
vidētur:
(it)
is seen
occāsus,
-ūs [4/m]: (here) West
morātur: lingers
tardātur:
is
delayed
incipiō,
-ere; incēpī [3-iō]: begin
superior
[m/f], -ius [n]: higher
rigeō,
-ere; - [2]: become solid; stiffen
īnferior
[m/f], -ius [n]: lower
summa*
hiems: the depth of winter
ruō,
-ere; ruī [2]: rush; tumble; fall
turbō,
-īnis [3/m]: whirlwind; tornado
furor,
-ōris [3/m]: rage; madness; fury
miscentur:
(they)
are mixed
āter,
ātra, -um: black; dark
impendeō,
-ere; - [2] + dat: hang over
cingō,
-ere; cīnxī [3]: surround
furō,
-ere; furuī [3]: rage; rave
fragor,
-ōris [3/m]: noise; din
boreās,
-ae [1/m]: North wind
dēspiciō,
-ere; dēspexī [3]: look down on
*summus, -a, -um: [i] highest; greatest [ii] top - although summus is an adjective, it is often translated into English as a noun ‘the top of’ i.e. conveying the highest point either physically or with abstract concepts:
Cōnsul ipse vir summae dignitātis fuit. │ The
consul himself was a man of the greatest worth.
summī et infimī │ the highest and the lowest
(people)
Summā celeritāte ad silvam contendit. │He made for the
forest with the utmost speed.
Avēs in summīs arboribus erant. │ The birds were
in the treetops.
Poēta versōs summā vōce recitābat. │The poet
was reciting the verses at the top of voice.
Novum
templum in summō monte aedificaverunt. │ They’ve built a
new temple on the top of the mountain.
Summā aestāte sōl maximē ārdet. │The sun burns
the most at the height of summer.
Erat
hiems summa, tempestās perfrīgida, imber maximus. (Cicero) │ It was the depth
of winter, the weather was very cold, and the rain was very heavy.
[A]
[B] Find the Latin
for:
13.04.24: P.T. Barnum’s greatest show on earth
https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/423701170241157/
13.04.24:
the greatest 4th declension noun on earth!
https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/423860346891906/
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/130424-greatest-4th-declension-noun-on.html
13.04.24:
the greatest abbreviation in Rome
https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/423701870241087/
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/130424-greatest-abbreviation-in-rome.html
13.04.24:
4th declension; vocabulary [1] - “exploring” vocabulary
https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/423862540225020/
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/130424-4th-declension-vocabulary-1.html
13.04.24:
4th declension; vocabulary [2]
https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/423865213558086/
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/130424-4th-declension-vocabulary-2.html
13.04.24:
4th declension; vocabulary [3]
https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/423870953557512/
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/130424-4th-declension-vocabulary-3.html
13.04.24:
4th declension nouns; vocabulary [4]
https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/423871433557464/
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/130424-4th-declension-nouns-vocabulary-4.html
13.04.24:
4th declension nouns; vocabulary [5] military
https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/423873760223898/
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/130424-4th-declension-nouns-vocabulary.html
13.04.24:
4th declension nouns; vocabulary [6]
https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/423874973557110/
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/130424-4th-declension-nouns-vocabulary-6.html
13.04.24:
4th declension nouns; derivatives and borrowings
https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/423882426889698/
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/130424-4th-declension-nouns-derivatives.html
13.04.24:
domus
https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/423891043555503/
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/130424-domus.html
13.04.24:
practice for the 4th declension [1]
https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/424215126856428/
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/130424-practice-for-4th-declension-1.html
13.04.24:
practice for the 4th declension [2]
https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/424216323522975/
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/130424-practice-for-4th-declension-2.html
13.04.24:
Schoolbook sentences [2]
https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/424218646856076/
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/130424-schoolbook-sentences-2.html
13.04.24:
Examples of 4th declension nouns in context
https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/424219933522614/
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/130424-examples-of-4th-declension-nouns.html
14.04.24:
reading the 4th declension
https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/424498983494709/
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/140424-reading-4th-declension.html
Label the images
adventus,
-ūs [4/m]
exercitus,
-ūs [4/m]
impetus,
-ūs [4/m]
lacus,
-ūs [4/m]
magistrātus,
-ūs [4/m]
reditus,
-ūs [4/m]
manus,
-ūs [4/f]
cornu,
-ūs [4/n]
genu, -ūs [4/n]
Identify the seven 4th declension nouns; they have all appeared in the recent texts. If you’re not sure, the only way you can identify them is by the genitive singular in -ūs which will be listed in vocabularies and dictionaries.
adventus
exercitus
hortus
impetus
iūs
lacus
locus
magistrātus
manus
mūs
pectus
pondus
reditus
vellus
Ōlim cum Argonautīs, virīs multīs et intrepidīs, Iāsōn, quod ā patruō missus erat, ē Graeciā in Asiam nāvigāvit aureum vellus ab Aeētā* rēge petēbat. ‘Vellus dabō,’ respondit rēx, ‘sī sōlus taurōs arātrō iūnxeris, dentēs dracōnis in agrō sēveris.’ Mēdēa autem, rēgis fīlia, Iāsonis amōre superāta est: ubi patris verba audīvit magnō timōre movēbātur. Tamen cōnsilium Iāsonī dēdit. ‘Taurī,’ inquit, ‘ingentia cornua, aēneōs pedēs habent ; ex ōre flammās spīrant: ubi dentēs dracōnis sēveris, virī armātī ē terrā surgent tēlīsque oppugnābunt: dēnique aureum vellus dracō cūstōdit. Mēdēae tamen magicīs artibus omnia perīcula superābis.’ Sīc Jāsōn rēgis iussīs pāruit: aureum vellus ad nāvem portāvit, cum Mēdēā et Argonautīs discessit. Magna erat rēgis īra: nāvem parat, comitēs ad arma vocat. Mēdēa tamen parvum frātrem in nāvem dūxerat: ubi ōram relīquērunt, frātrem necāvit, corpus in multās partēs dīvīsit, membra in mare iactāvit. Rēx diū puerī īnfēlīcis membra colligēbat: itaque Iāsōn et Mēdēa incolumēs ad Graeciam nāvigāvērunt.
*Aeētēs
or Aeta: King of Colchis
[A]
[1]
Lines 1 – 2; translate (10)
Ōlim
cum Argonautīs, virīs multīs et intrepidīs, Iāsōn, quod ā patruō missus erat, ē
Graeciā in Asiam nāvigāvit aureum vellus ab Aeētā rēge petēbat.
[2]
Lines 2 – 3 (Vellus … sevēris)
Under
what conditions would the king give Jason the fleece? (5)
[3]
Lines 3 – 5 (Mēdēa … dedit)
[i]
Who was Medea? (1)
[ii]
How did she feel about Jason? (2)
[iii]
How did she react to what her father had said? (2)
[iv]
How did she help Jason? (1)
[4]
Lines 5 – 8 (Taurī … superābis)
[i]
How are the bulls described? (3)
[ii]
What will happen when the seeds are sown? (4)
[iii]
What is the last obstacle? (2)
[iv]
How does Medea think they will overcome these dangers? (2)
[5]
Lines 8 – 9 (Sīc … discessit)
How
do we know that Jason was successful? (3)
[6]
Lines 9 – 10 (Magna … vocat)
How
did the king react? (4)
[7]
Lines 10 – end (Mēdēa … nāvigāvērunt)
How
are Jason and Medea able to escape to Greece? Give details. (7)*
[i]
Mēdēa tamen parvum frātrem in nāvem dūxerat: ¦ [ii] ubi ōram relīquērunt, ¦
[iii] frātrem necāvit, ¦ [iv] / [v] corpus ¦ in multās partēs ¦ dīvīsit,
¦ [vi] membra in mare iactāvit. ¦ [vii] Rēx diū puerī īnfēlīcis membra
colligēbat: (itaque Iāsōn et Mēdēa incolumēs ad Graeciam nāvigāvērunt.)
[B] Look at these two extracts from the text:
[i]
‘Vellus dabō, … ¦ sī sōlus taurōs arātrō iūnxeris, dentēs
dracōnis in agrō sēveris.’
[ii]
‘Ubi dentēs dracōnis sēveris, ¦ virī armātī ē terrā surgent.
[a]
What tenses are being used?
dabō;
surgent: __________
iūnxeris;
sēveris: __________
[b]
Compare and contrast the verbs in the Latin text with the English translations
of the entire sentences.
[c]
What type of clauses (in italics) are [i] and [ii]?**
Image
#1: Representation of Jason, recovering the Golden Fleece after triumphing over
the sleeping dragon. From “Mythology of Youth” by Pierre Blanchard 1803.
Image
#2: Jason killing the fire-breathing bulls
Image
#3: Depiction of King Aeetes (1487)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ae%C3%ABtes
Image
#4: Depiction of Medea (1866)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medea
Image
#5: “Mēdēa
tamen parvum frātrem in nāvem dūxerat: ubi ōram relīquērunt, frātrem necāvit,
corpus in multās partēs dīvīsit, membra in mare iactāvit”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absyrtus
Film
excerpts from Jason and the Argonauts (1963)
“ubi
dentēs dracōnis sēverīs, virī armātī ē terrā surgent tēlīsque oppugnābunt”
“aureum
vellus dracō cūstōdit”
____________________
*[7]
[i]
M. led her little brother onto the ship
[ii]
They left the shore and ¦ [iii] M. killed her brother
[iv]
She cut up his body ¦ [v] into many pieces and ¦ [vi] threw the pieces
into the sea
[vii]
king spent a long time collecting the body parts
**[B]
[a]
dabō; surgent: future tense; iūnxeris; sēveris: future perfect
[b]
Latin uses a future perfect tense to emphasise an action that will have
been completed where English would use either a present or, more emphatically,
perfect tense:
Vellus
dabō [future = English], … ¦ sī sōlus taurōs arātrō iūnxeris [future
perfect ≠ Engl.], dentēs dracōnis in agrō sēveris. [future
perfect ≠ Engl.]’
Literally:
I shall give you the fleece ¦ if alone you will have joined the
bulls to the plough (and) will have sown dragon’s teeth in the field.
>
Engl: I shall give (you) the fleece … ¦ if you alone have joined the
bulls to the plough (and) have sown the dragon’s teeth in the field.
Similarly:
Ubi
dentēs dracōnis sēveris [future perfect ≠ Engl.], ¦ virī armātī ē terrā surgent
[future = English]
Literally:
When you will have sown the dragon’s teeth, ¦ armed men will rise from
the ground.
>
Eng: When you have sown the dragon’s teeth, ¦ armed men will rise from
the ground.
[c]
[i] conditional clause; [ii] clause of time (temporal clause)
Hīc est Mārcus, ibi est Titus. Titus in Colossēō sedet et gaudet, nam Aemilia iam adest. Mārcus dolet, nam Cornēlia cessat. Iam Aemilia rogat: "Ubi est Cornēlia?" Subitō Mārcus vocat: "Ibi Cornēlia est, ibi stat!" Rīdet et gaudet.
Nunc Mārcus et Cornēlia, Aemilia et Titus sedent et gaudent,
nam Lūcius et Gāius appropinquant; rīdent et salūtant. Cornēlia nārrat: “Hodiē
etiam Tullia et Claudia adsunt. Ecce! Ibi sedent.” Gāius rogat: “Cūr Quīntus
nōn adest?” Tum Mārcus: “Quīntus aegrōtat, sed ibi sunt Titus et Aemilia! Lūdus
nōn sōlum mē dēlectat, sed etiam…” Subitō Aemilia vocat: “Ecce elephantus, ecce
sīmia!” Claudia et Cornēlia et Aemilia gaudent et rīdent.
Mārcus nōn rīdet, sed murmurat: “Elephantus! Sīmia! Ubi sunt
Syrus et Barbātus? Cūr tuba nōn sonat?” Tum amīca: “Fortasse adversāriī hodiē
nōn pugnant.” Etiam populus murmurat, quod Syrus et Barbātus nōndum adsunt;
subitō autem tubae sonant, populus tacet, adversāriī intrant, stant, salūtant.
Nunc populus gaudet et clāmat, et Mārcus vocat: “Mē neque elephantī neque
sīmiae, sed lūdī et gladiī et tubae dēlectant.” Amīcī et amīcae rīdent.
Iam Barbātus Syrum temptat.
Gladiī crepant, populus adversāriōs incitat, nam pugnae turbam valdē dēlectant.
Etiam Mārcus gaudet et clāmat, nam lūdōs et pugnās libenter spectat; Cornēliam
autem lūdī nōn dēlectant: itaque sedet et tacet. Mārcus amīcam rogat: “Cūr
pugna tē nōn dēlectat?” Cornēlia nōn respondet. Subitō Syrus adversārium
temptat, vulnerat. Turba clāmat, sed Cornēlia lacrimās nōn iam tenet. Neque
Mārcum nunc lūdus dēlectat.
Mārcus forum amat; nam ibi tot aedificia, templa, monumenta
sunt. Monumenta et templa et aedificia Mārcus libenter spectat; imprīmīs autem
rōstra Mārcum invītant. Ibi diū stat et auscultat. Et Cornēliam forum dēlectat,
nam ibi tot tabernae sunt. Cornēliam tabernae invītant. Gaudet, cum aurum et
argentum videt. Mārcus autem cōgitat: “Cūr Cornēlia gaudet et rīdet, cum aurum
et argentum spectat? Certē aurum et argentum Cornēliam dēlectant, certē dōna
exspectat!”
[1] Match the questions with the answers:
Aemilia; Barbātus; Cornēlia; Gāius; Mārcus; Quīntus; Syrus;
Titus
[2] Match the questions with the answers:
dōna; forum; lūdōs et pugnās; tuba
[3] Match the questions with the answers:
ibi tot monumenta sunt; in Colosseō; aurum spectat; lūdī
Cornēliam nōn dēlectant; elephantus et sīmia; pugnae populum dēlectant; in
forō; ibi tot tabernae sunt
[4] Complete the Latin sentences with the verbs listed
below.
adest; adsunt; aegrōtat; est; exspectant; exspectat; gaudet;
intrant; salūtant; sedent; sedet; sonant; spectant; spectat; stant; stat; sunt;
tacent; tacet; tenent; tenet; videt
Below are a list of common deponent verbs; take some time to memorise these and bear in mind that they are not passive. The perfect active participle can be misleading i.e. secūtus sum = I followed, not I was followed.
conor, conārī, cōnātus sum [1/dep]: try
hortor, hortārī,
hortātus sum [1/dep]: encourage
miror, mirāri, mīrātus sum [1/dep]: wonder; be amazed
minor, minārī, minātus sum [1/dep]: threaten
____________________
polliceor, pollicērī,
pollicitus sum [2/dep]: promise
vereor, vererī, veritus sum [2/dep]: fear; be afraid
____________________
īrāscor, īrāscī,
īrātus sum [3/dep]: be angry
loquor, loquī, locūtus sum [3/dep]: speak
nascor, nascī, nātus sum [3/dep]: be born
proficiscor, proficisci, profectus
sum [3/dep]:
set out
sequor, sequī, secūtus sum [3/dep]: follow
utor, utī, ūsus sum [3/dep]: use
____________________
aggredior,
aggredī, aggressūs sum [3-iō/dep]: attack
congredior,
congredī, congressus sum [3-iō/dep]: meet; come together
egredior,
egredī, ēgressus sum [3-iō/dep]: go out; disembark
progredior,
progredī, prōgressus sum [3-iō/dep]: advance;
go forward
morior, morī, mortuus sum [3-iō/dep]: die
____________________
mentior,
mentīrī, mentitus sum [4/dep]: lie
orior, orīrī, ortūs sum [4/dep]:
arise
[2] Image:
examples of deponent verbs in simple sentences.
Sōl in oriente oritur.
│ The
sun rises in the east.
Caesar ē castrīs proficīscitur. │ Caesar sets
out from the camp.
Nautae ē nāvī ēgrediuntur. │ The sailors disembark
from the ship.
Domum revertor. │ I return
home.
Ōrātor magnā vōce loquitur. │ The orator speaks
in a loud voice.
Caesar cōpiās suās hortātur. │ Caesar encourages
his troops.
Pulchritūdinem puellae mīrāmur. │ We admire
the girl’s beauty.
Mīles gladiō ūtitur. │ The soldier
uses a sword.
NON
SEQUITUR: The English expression ‘non sequitur’ from Latin
sequor means a statement that does not logically follow
from what has been said before: “Since you are a good person, I, therefore, am
a good person.”
DULCE ET DECORUM EST PRO PATRIĀ MORĪ: The
infinitive of the deponent verb morior (die) in the poet Horace’s often
quoted and disputed line: ‘It is sweet and proper to die for one’s
country.’ The line is most famous in Wilfred Owen’s anti-war poem which bears
the line both as its title and as its damning conclusion.
Here are a few lines from the Mediaeval song ‘In taberna quando sumus’
describing the fate of those who gamble; morantur is a deponent verb,
whereas the other verbs in bold are passive:
Sed in ludo qui morantur │ But
those who linger in the game [= who don’t stop playing]
ex his quidam denudantur │ Some
of them are stripped bare
quidam ibi vestiuntur, │
Some are dressed there [= some win clothes]
quidam saccis induuntur. │ Some
are dressed in sacks.
Ibi nullus timet mortem │ Nobody
fears death there
sed pro Baccho mittunt sortem │ But they throw the dice in the name of Bacchus.
Dē autumnō
Autumnō sōl
paulātim ad austrum dēscendit. Singulī diēs breviōrēs fīunt. Singulae item
noctēs longiōrēs sunt. Tempestās frīgidior esse incipit. Prīmō autumnō arborēs
frūctibus curvant. Zephyrus lēniter spīrat. Sōl autumnī iam nōn ūrit. Autumnus
omnibus grātus est.
Frīgus autem in
diēs singulōs crēscit. Folia arborum paulātim variōs trahunt colōrēs. Terra
frīgēscit. Iam agrī māne pruīnā albēscere incipient. Herba paulātim moritur.
Tum dēmum folia ārēscunt, moriuntur, cadunt. Hinc atque hinc pīnūs nigrae
stant. Reliquae arborēs nūdae foliīs* sunt. Avēs in austrum migrant. Hominēs
mātūrant ultimōs frūctūs legere, bovēs ex agrīs colligere, omnia in hiemem
parāre.
Extrēmō autumnō
caelum nūbibus nigrēscit. Ventus saevit atque arboribus sonat. Madēns auster
gelidum imbrem fert. Omnēs hominēs tēctum petunt et circum focum suum
congregantur.
*Reliquae arborēs nūdae
foliīs sunt. │ The rest of the trees are (literally) bare of leaves
i.e. they have no leaves, are without leaves; this is an example of the ablative
of separation. The term is used to refer the idea of something / someone
being deprived of / freed
from / in need of something.
We’ll look at it again when a summary of all the ablative uses will be
discussed.
Vocabulary
paulātim: gradually
Item: just like
curvō, -āre;
curvāvī [1]: bend
zephyrus, -ī [2/m]:
the west wind
lēniter: slowly
moritur: (it)
dies; is dying
moriuntur: (they)
die; are dying
tum dēmum: finally
pīnūs, -ūs [4/f]
or -ī [2/f]: pine tree
hinc atque hinc: on
each side
mātūrō, -āre;
mātūrāvī [1]: rush; hasten
madēns, -entis: dripping
tectum, -ī [2/n]: roof;
shelter (can also refer to ‘house’)
focus, -ī [2/m] fireplace; hearth
congregō, -āre,
-āvī [1]: gather together
[A]
[B] Identify [i] the case and [ii] the number of the following nouns from the text, and [iii] give the nominative singular of the noun:
[C] Identify the
case of the word in bold and explain why that case is being used.
[i] movement towards a place
[ii] movement out of a place
[iii] surrounding
hospes, hosp __ is [3/m]: __________
mōs, mō __ is [3/m]: __________
pēs, pe __ is [3/m]: __________
pūgiō, pūgiō __ is [3/m]: __________
scrīptor, scrīpt __ ris [3/m]: __________
mors, mor __ is [3/f]: __________
vōx, vō __ is [3/f]: __________
iter, it __ eris [3/n]: __________
onus, on __ is [3/n]: __________
tempus, temp __ is [3/n]: __________
-c-; -d-; -er-; -in-; -it-; -n-; -ō-; -or-; -r-; -t-
custom; dagger; death; foot; guest; journey; load; time;
voice; writer
Intereā arx Rōmae Capitōliumque in ingentī perīculō erat. Noctū aliquot Gallī per angustam viam genibus nīxī ascendēbant: nōn sōlum mīlitēs, sed etiam canēs fallēbant, ānserēs tamen Iūnōnī sacrōs nōn fefellērunt.
Ānserum clāmōribus excitātus est M. Mānlius: prīmum hostem manū dēturbat: tum arma sūmpsit, reliquōs ac arma vocāvit; Gallōs singulōs Rōmānī trucīdāvērunt.
Magna iam cibī inopia in arce erat: diū tamen sustinēbant; etiam pānem inter hostēs iactābant. ‘Nam sī cibī inopiam sēnserint,’ dictātor inquit, ‘ Gallōrum animī cōnfirmābuntur.’ Tandem lēgātōs ad hostem mīsērunt: salūtem mīlle librīs aurī ēmērunt. Aurum in forō ā Q. Sulpiciō tribūnō mīlitum Brennō rēgī Gallicō datur: ubi tribūnus ‘Inīqua pondera,’ inquit, ‘habētis, Gallī,’ Brennus ponderī gladium addidit : simul ‘Vae victīs’ clāmāvit.
Intereā tamen exercitus ā M. Fūriō Camillō exsule in Etrūriā collēctus erat: verba īnsolentia ā rēge vix dicta erant ubi Camillus cum novīs cōpiīs forum intrāvit. Statim Gallōs ācrī impetū oppugnant omnēsque mox trucīdant.
[A]
[1]
Lines 1 – 5 (‘Intereā … trucīdāvērunt); in
which order are the following first referred to?
animals
deceived
attacking
the enemy by hand
attacking
the enemy with weapons
calling
others
enemy
moving on their knees
killing
the enemy
Rome
in danger
sacred
animals
soldiers
deceived
woken
by animal noises
[2]
Lines 6 – 8 (Magna … cōnfirmābuntur)
[i]
What hardship did the city face? (1)
[ii]
How well did they cope with this? (1)
[iii]
“etiam pānem inter hostēs iactābant”: [a] translate the sentence (3) and [b]
explain why the Romans acted in this way (2)
[3]
Lines 8 – 11; translate (15)
Tandem
lēgātōs ad hostem mīsērunt: salūtem mīlle librīs aurī ēmērunt. Aurum in forō ā
Q. Sulpiciō tribūnō mīlitum Brennō rēgī Gallicō datur: ubi tribūnus ‘Inīqua
pondera,’ inquit, ‘habētis, Gallī,’ Brennus ponderī gladium addidit: simul ‘Vae
victīs’ clāmāvit.
Tandem
lēgātōs ad hostem mīsērunt: salūtem mīlle librīs aurī ēmērunt. Aurum in forō ā
Q. Sulpiciō tribūnō mīlitum Brennō rēgī Gallicō datur: ubi tribūnus ‘Inīqua
pondera,’ inquit, ‘habētis, Gallī,’ Brennus ponderī gladium addidit: simul ‘Vae
victīs’ clāmāvit.
[4]
Lines 12 – end (Intereā … trucīdant)
[i]
Where was Camillus and why was he there? (2)
[ii]
What action did he take? (1)
[iii]
What phrase tells you that he entered the forum quickly? Give the Latin and
English translation. (5)
[iv]
“Statim Gallōs ācrī impetū oppugnant omnēsque mox trucīdant.” How does this
sentence convey the speed and intensity of the attack? (4)
[B]
Match the words / phrases in bold with the grammatical descriptions
[i]
hostem manū dēturbat; Statim Gallōs ācrī impetū oppugnant
[ii]
salūtem mīlle librīs aurī ēmērunt
[iii]
Aurum in forō ā Q. Sulpiciō ¦ tribūnō mīlitum Brennō ¦ rēgī
Gallicō datur; intereā tamen exercitus ā M. Fūriō Camillō ¦ exsule in
Etrūriā collēctus erat
[iv]
sī cibī inopiam [v] sēnserint
[vi]
datur
[vii]
collēctus erat; dicta erant
[viii]
Gallōrum animī cōnfirmābuntur
conjunction introducing a conditional clause __________
future perfect tense __________
ablative of price __________
ablative of means __________
future
passive __________
nouns
in apposition __________
pluperfect
passive __________
present
passive __________
____________________
[1]
Intereā [i] arx Rōmae Capitōliumque in ingentī perīculō erat. [ii] Noctū
aliquot Gallī per angustam viam genibus nīxī ascendēbant: nōn sōlum [iii]
mīlitēs, sed etiam [iv] canēs fallēbant, [v] ānserēs
tamen Iūnōnī sacrōs nōn fefellērunt. [vi] Ānserum clāmōribus excitātus
est M. Mānlius: prīmum [vii] hostem manū dēturbat: [viii] tum
arma sūmpsit, [ix] reliquōs ac arma vocāvit; [x] Gallōs
singulōs Rōmānī trucīdāvērunt.
[3]
[i] They finally sent envoys ¦ [ii] to the enemy; ¦ [iii] they bought
(their) safety ¦ [iv] for a thousand pounds of gold. ¦ [v] In the forum, ¦ [vi]
the gold is (was) given ¦ [vii] by Q(uintus) Sulpicius, the Tribune of the
soldiers, ¦ [viii] to Brennus, the Gallic / Gaulish king: ¦ [ix] when the
tribune said ¦ [x] “You have unfair weights, Gauls,” [xi] Brennus added a sword
¦ [xii] to the weight: ¦ [xiii] at the same time [xiv] he shouted ¦ [xv] “Woe
to the vanquished.”