Thursday, May 16, 2024

16.05.24: derivations [1]; Latin prefixes in English

It is said that knowledge of Latin will help your understanding of English. That’s true, but it can also be the other way around. And the Latin prefixes are a good example of this because most of them are commonly found in English.

English isn’t a Romance language; it wasn’t derived from Latin, but from the languages of the Germanic tribes that occupied Britain around the time the Romans left in the early 5th century. However, the English language acquired a massive treasure of vocabulary, most of which was indirectly derived from Latin through Old French after the Norman Conquest and many of them had a long journey before they reached English.

As mentioned in the previous post, most of the Latin words listed below can be either prepositions or prefixes. However, this post isn’t about whether they are prepositions or prefixes, but what they mean.

Some of the Latin words listed can have several meanings but it’s best, I think, to start with the basics.

Seeing how they connect to English derivatives can help a lot in remembering their meanings. I learned all of these by using the derivatives.

In other words …

Seeing how they join with words that have come down from Latin to English can help a lot in bringing their meanings back again into your mind.

ab: away │ absent

ante: before │ ante-natal clinic

ad: near; towards (also ac-, af- as a prefix) │ acquire; affect; advertise

circum: around │ circumnavigate; circumference

contrā: against │ contradict

cum [preposition]: with > prefix: con-, com-, col- │ conference; committee; collect

dē: [i] about; concerning │describe; depict [ii] down / away from │ descend; depart; de-ice the car

dis: apart │ disband; discuss; dissect

ex: out of │export; ex-wife

extrā: outside │ extra-curricular

in: in(to) │ inspect; invade; import

in- / im- / il- used to create opposite meanings: indefinite; impossible; illogical

inter: between │ international

intrō: inwards; within │ introverted

per: through │perceive; permanent i.e. it stays through to the end; peruse i.e. look through something (usually in detail)

prae: before; in front of │ prehistoric; pre-war; preposition i.e. a group of letters placed in front of another word

prō: before in front of; in a forward direction │ propose; progress

post: after │ post-natal clinic; post-war

re: again │ redo; reread; rewrite

sub: under │ submarine

super: above │ supernatural

trāns: across │ transport




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