Sunday, September 8, 2024

13.10.24: Level 1; review; practice in the cases; 1st / 2nd declension adjectives; adjectives in -er [1]

§47: colloquium

BARBARUS

Rōmānī, summō in perīculō estis. Cōpiae barbarōrum magnae sunt. Barbarī multōs sagittāriōs habent. Sagittāriī multās sagittās habent. Hastae barbarōrum acūtae sunt. Pila barbarōrum longa sunt. Scūta barbarōrum lāta sunt, Rōmānī summō in perīculō estis !

RŌMĀNUS

Summō in perīculō! mehercule. Mūrus noster altus est, portae nostrae firmae sunt. Nec arma nec cōpiae barbarōrum nōs terrent. Nostrae hastae acūtae sunt. Nostra scūta lāta sunt. Nostrae cōpiae magnae sunt. Nostrī sagittāriī multās sagittās habent. Oppidum nostrum tūtum est. Barbarī, nōs tūtī sumus, vōs summō in perīculō estis!

[A] vocabulary

acūtus, -a,-um: sharp

altus, -a, -um: high

firmus, -a, um: strong

lātus, -a, -um: wide

longus, -a, -um: long

magnus, -a, -um: big; great

multus, -a,  -um: much (plural: many)

summus, -a, -um: the greatest

tūtus, -a, -um: safe

noster, nostra, nostrum: our

[B] Find the Latin and focus on the words in bold:

our ¦ wall is ¦ high

our ¦ town is ¦ safe

in the ¦ greatest ¦ danger

we are ¦ safe

our ¦ troops are ¦ large

our ¦ gates are ¦ strong

the barbarians’ spears are ¦ sharp

our ¦ spears are ¦ sharp

the barbarians’ shields are ¦ wide

our ¦ shields are ¦ wide

the barbarians’ javelins are ¦ long

the barbarians’ shields are ¦ wide

the barbarians have many ¦ archers

our ¦ archers have ¦ many ¦ arrows

[C] adjectives in -er

Adjectives that end in -er in the masculine nominative singular decline in the same way as nouns ending in -er i.e. many common adjectives will lose the /e/ before the ending is added and some don’t; that isn’t entirely random but, at this stage, it is better to note those that change as you go along.

The two most common adjectives ending in -er that you will come across and which don’t change are:

miser, misera, miserum: miserable; wretched

tener, tenera, tenerum: [i] delicate; soft; tender [ii] youthful

However, we focus here on common adjectives which do change:

aeg¦er, aeg¦ra, aeg¦rum: sick

ater, atra, atrum: black i.e. dull black (think of matt black paint)

glaber, glabra, glabrum: smooth; hairless

macer, macra, macrum: skinny

niger, nigra, nigrum: black i.e. shining black (think of gloss black paint)

piger, pigra, pigrum: lazy

pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum: beautiful

ruber, rubra, rubrum: red

The same applies to these two possessive adjectives:

noster, nostra, nostrum: our

vester, vestra, vestrum: your (plural)

The short text below practises [i] dexter, dextra, dextrum: right and [ii] sinister, sinistra, sinistrum: left

§48: MEMBRA CORPORIS

lacertus dexter │ lacertus sinister

palma dextra │ palma sinistra

bracchium dextrum │ bracchium sinistrum

Hīc est palma dextra — hīc est bracchium dextrum — hīc est lacertus dexter — hīc est palma sinistra — hīc est bracchium sinistrum — hīc est lacertus sinister — hīc est gena dextra — hīc est gena sinistra — hic est oculus dexter — hīc est oculus sinister — hīc est humerus dexter.

§49

Hīc est oculus dexter │ Here is the right eye.

> Oculum dextrum tangō │ I touch the right eye

Hic est oculus sinister │ Here is the right eye.

>  Oculum sinistrum tangō │ I touch the left eye

Hīc est gena sinistra │ Here is the left cheek

>  Genam sinistram tangō │ I touch the left cheek

Hīc est bracchium dextrum │ Here is the right (fore-)arm

>  Bracchium dextrum tangō │ I touch the right (fore-)arm






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