25.10.24: Level 2; future perfect tense [2]; forms of the future perfect tense

The future perfect, rather like the pluperfect, does not require much explanation in terms of how it is formed because, apart from one new ending, everything you need has been covered before.

image #1: perfect tense stem:

labōrō, labōrāre, labōrāv¦ī

> labōrāv¦-

image #2: To this stem – no exceptions – the future tense of sum, esse is added apart from the 3^rd person plural; the verbs become quite unwieldy to pronounce and so take a look at the accent mark that is only there to show which syllable is stressed.

labōrā́v¦erō [la-bo-RA-ve-ro]: I shall have worked

labōrā́veris [la-bo-RA-ve-ris]: you (sg.) will have worked

labōrā́verit [la-bo-RA-ve-rit]: he / she will have worked

labōrāvérimus [la-bo-ra-VE-ri-mus]: we will have worked

labōrāvéritis [la-bo-ra-VE-ri-tis]: you (pl.) will have worked

labōrā́verint* [la-bo-RA-ve-rint]: they will have worked

Q: Why is it not erunt which is the 3^rd person future tense of the verb sum, esse?

A: erunt has already been used for the perfect tense:

labōrāvērunt: they (have) worked

labōrāverint: they will have worked

Image #3: All future perfect tenses are regularly formed - even those which in other tenses are classified as irregular - because they are all formed from the 3^rd principal part i.e. perfect tense stem.

Latin tutorial: future perfect tense