03.09.24: Level 1; review; practice in the cases [4](3); 1st / 2nd declension nouns and adjectives: accusative plural (1)

[1]

Nominative singular

Quid est hoc? │ What is that?

> Fenēstra est. │ It’s a window.

> Ūna fenestra est. │ There’s one window.

Accusative singular

Quid vidēs? │ What do you see?

> Fenēstram videō. │ I see a window.

> Ūnam fenēstram videō. │ I see one window.

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Nominative plural

Quot fenēstrae sunt? │ How many windows are there?

> Duae / trēs fenēstrae sunt. │ There are three windows.

Accusative plural

Quot fenēstrās vidēs? │ How many windows do you see?

> Duās / trēs fenēstrās videō. │ I see two / three windows.

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[2]

Nominative singular

Quid est hoc? │ What is that?

> Equus est. │ It’s a horse.

> Ūnus equus est. │ There’s one horse.

Accusative singular

Quid vidēs? │ What do you see?

> Equum videō. │ I see a horse.

> Ūnum equum videō. │ I see one horse.

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Nominative plural

Quot equī sunt? │ How many horses are there?

> Duo / trēs equī sunt. │ There are two / three horses.

Accusative plural

Quot equōs vidēs? │ How many horses do you see?

> Duōs / trēs equōs videō. │ I see two / three horses.

[3]

Nominative singular

Quid est hoc? │ What is that?

Hoc est templum. │ That’s a temple.

Unum templum est. │ There’s one temple.

Accusative singular

Quid vidēs? │ What do you see?

> Templum videō. │ I see a temple.

> Ūnum templum videō. │ I see one temple.

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Nominative plural

Quot templa sunt? │ How many temples are there?

> Duo templa sunt. │ There are two temples.

> Tria templa sunt. │ There are three temples.

Accusative plural

Quot templa vidēs? │ How many temples do you see?

> Duo / tria templa videō. │ I see two temples.

Image #1: Note: ūnus, -a, -um does not mean ‘a / an’ in Classical Latin although it did evolve into, for example, French un(e) which does mean that; ūnus, -a, -um was only used to express a number. In Classical Latin there is no indefinite or definite article i.e. no words for ‘a(n)’ or ‘the’.

Note how the numbers 1-3 change according to case and gender.

Image #2:

[A] Lectiō §20: nominative plural

barba, -ae [1/f]: beard

gena, -ae [1/f]: cheek

palma, -ae [1/f]: palm (of the hand)

capillus, -ī [2/m]: hair; can be singular or plural

digitus, -ī [2/m]:finger

humerus,-ī [2/n]: shoulder

lacertus, -ī [2/m]: upper arm

lingua, -ae [1/f]: tongue

nāsus, -ī [2/m]: nose

oculus, -ī [2/m]: eye

bracchium, -ī [2/n]: forearm; arm

collum, -ī [2/n]: neck

labrum, -ī [2/n]: lip

tergum, -ī [2/n]: back

Image #3:

[B] Viva voce

Accusative singular and plural

Quid tangis? │ What are you touching?

Nāsum tangō │ I’m touching (my) nose

[i] Which pupil (1^st to 15^th) is touching …

• two shoulders
• two forearms
• the tongue
• the upper arms
• the hair
• the lips
• the neck
• two cheeks
• the back
• one upper arm
• one lip
• one finger
• one cheek
• four fingers
• eyes

[ii] Who is touching [a] his beard and [b] only one eye!