19.11.24: Level 1; review; practice in the cases; 3rd declension nouns [5]: proverbs, quotations and sayings; notes [1]

ars, artis [3/f]: art; skill > English derivative: art

homō, hominis [3/m]: man > Engl. deriv: hominid, a term used in the classification of species to refer both to non-human primates and to humans

lūx, lūcīs [3/f]: light> Engl. deriv: lucid

pōns, pontis [3/m]: bridge; also the deck of a ship > an interesting English derivation is the town name Pontefract in West Yorkshire from pōns, pont¦is (bridge) + frāctus (broken)

virtūs, virtūtis [3/f]: manliness; courage; virtue; goodness, a key personality trait in the Roman psyche and is freqently referred to in literature

3^rd declension nouns in -tūs are feminine and form their stem in the same way:

virtūs, virtūt¦is

iuventūs, iuventūtis [3/f]: youth

senectūs, senectūtis [3/f]: old age

servitūs, servitūtis [3/f]: slavery

[1] ars grātiā artis: art for the sake of art; the English phrase was taken from French l’art pour l’art rather than a Latin version which is used by MGM studios as their motto

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_for_art%27s_sake

[2] homō trium litterārum: a man of three letters; the phrase appears in Plautus’ play “Aulularia” (The Little Pot, but sometimes entitled as “The Pot of Gold”); the three letters to which the character is referring make up the word “thief”: fūr (fūr, -is [3/m])

[3] post tenebrās lūx: after the darkness light

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_tenebras_lux

Noctem vertērunt in diem, et rūrsum post tenebrās spērō lūcem. (Vulgate: Job 17.12)│ They have turned night into day, and again after the darkness I hope for light [Note: the translation is not from any standard English version but a word for word of the Latin in the Vulgate]

[4] pōns asinōrum: the bridge of asses;  the wikipedia article goes into detail as to why this particular term is used in geometry to refer to a feature of an isosceles triangle is given this name:

There are two common explanations for the name pons asinorum, the simplest being that the diagram used resembles a physical bridge. But the more popular explanation is that it is the first real test in the Elements of the intelligence of the reader and functions as a "bridge" to the harder propositions that follow.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pons_asinorum

[5] virtūs mīlle scūta: virtue [is equal to] a thousand shields