29.04.24: review: adjectives [2]; 1st / 2nd declension [2]; Julia: a Latin reader [1]

I’m going to post a couple of short texts from Julia: a Latin Reader (Maud Agnes Reed)

https://dn790001.ca.archive.org/.../julialatinreadin00ree...

https://archive.org/.../julialatinreadi.../page/n11/mode/2up

[i] adjectives

albus, -a, -um: white

caeruleus, -a, -um: blue

grātus, -a, -um: pleasing

longus, -a, -um: long

magnus, -a, -um: large; great

multus, -a, -um: much; [in the plural: multī, multae, multa: many]

parvus, -a, -um: small

placidus, -a, -um: placid; gentle

pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum: beautiful

rēctus, -a, -um: straight

validus, -a, -um; strong

[ii] other vocabulary

campus, -ī [2/m]: open, flat ground; plain

clīvus, -ī [2/m]: slope

iuvencus, -ī [2/m]: bullock

oppidānus, -ī [2/m]: town-dweller; usually plural: oppidānī (townsfolk)

vīnea, -ae [1/f]: vineyard

[iii] Note: adjectives and nouns of nationality

It’s not always easy to distinguish between these, and not all texts have consistent patterns of editing or capitalisation, and so I will list the pattern that the author herself uses, but you will see variants.

Britannus, -ī [2/m]: a Briton

Britannicus, -a, -um: British

Ītalus, -ī [2/m]: an Italian

Ītalicus, -a, -um: Italian

[A]

1. Describe the sky of Italy.

2. What colour are the bullocks?

3. How are the eyes of the bullocks described?

4. The British use bullocks to plough their fields, don't they?

5. What three adjectives are used to describe the horses?

6. The Romans build their towns on steep slopes, don’t they?

7. But there aren’t many hills in Rome, are there?

8. Which adjectives describe Roman roads?

[B] Some review of case usage from earlier posts.

Find the Latin for:

[1]

• British farmers [nominative; subject of the sentence] (... plough the fields)
• Roman roads [nominative; subject of the sentence] (are through plains)

[2]

• They plough │ the fields [accusative; direct object]
• The farmers desire │ money [accusative; direct object]
• Roman roads are │ through plains [accusative; with preposition]
• They carry olives and grapes [accusative; direct object] │along Roman roads [accusative; with preposition]
• They carry olives and grapes │ to the towns [accusative; with preposition]

[3]

• the sky │ of Italy [genitive; possession]
• the sky │ of Britain [genitive; possession]
• the eyes │ of the bullocks [genitive; possession]

[4]

• The townsfolk give money │to the farmers [dative; indirect object]
• The sky is pleasing │ to the Britons [dative; with adjective 'pleasing to someone']

[5]

• in / on the plain [ablative; with preposition]
• in Italy [ablative; with preposition]
• on hillsides [ablative; with preposition]
• in carts [ablative; with preposition]
• They plough the fields │ with horses [ablative; expressing the means by which something is done]