Again, we can use Vincent’s video from the previous post to
review some of the ways that Latin uses cases and verb tenses
[A] Case usage
Genitive case
Satis ¦ temporis: enough time; literally enough
¦ of time (Fr: assez de temps; Russ: dostachono [+
genitive] vremeni)
Deī ¦ gratiā │ by the grace ¦ of God
Hoc est maximī ¦ momentī │This is of very
great ¦ importance= this is very important
Accusative case
Illam terram valdē amō. │ I really
love that region.
in mentem vēnit │ came into my
mind; accusative when something moves from one place into or ontoanother
Soleō facere pelliculās │ I usually make films
Sed etiam faciō aliās rēs │But I also do
other things
Et oportet cūrāre et mentem et corpus │ And
it is necessary to (you have to / one has to) look after both the mind and the
body
Ablative case
[i] prepositions:
in + ablative: in; on
in cubiculō meō │ in my
bedroom
in culīnā │ in the kitchen
in umbrā │ in the shadow
in studiīs et etiam in lūdīsāthlēticīs │
in (my) studies and also in athletics
sine + ablative: without
sine corpore sānō: without a
healthy body
[ii] As mentioned before, the ablative has many uses that
convey adverbial phrases in English; there is no purpose in sitting down and
trying to learn them all at the same time. They also all have their own
grammatical terms. They frequently occur in the literature and so pick them up
as you go along; I have picked out the ones that matter at the moment.
mēnsē proximō │ next month; ablative
of time when i.e. expressing a specific point or period in
time
praeteritō annō │ last year
hīs diēbus │ these days
Deī ¦ grātiā │by the grace of God;
ablative of means / instrument i.e. by what means is the
action performed; it is also used with physical objects e.g mīles hostem ¦
gladiō¦ necāvit │ the soldier killed the enemy ¦ with a sword
Et oportet cūrāre et mentem et corpus ¦ magnā dīligentiā.
│ And you need to took after both the mind and the body ¦ with great
care
cūrāte … ut valeātis ¦ mente et corpore │
See to it … that you are healthy in the mind and in the body; in
grammar this is known as the ablative of specification which
is not easy to define: you should take care of your health – in what respect?
– in terms of the mind and the body.
[B] Tense usage
Present tense
cēnat │ he is having dinner
faciō │ I do
tempus tam cito fugit │ time flies / is flying so quickly
Imperfect tense
currēbam │ I used to run
Future tense (to be reviewed after this section)
erō │ I will be
ībō │ I will go
faciam │ I will do / make
is fiet │ he will become
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