The first image and notes are from group member Daniel Wong
“Mīlitēs ex veteribus legiōnibus erant relictī praesidiō
castrīs” (Caesar)
conjugātiō et dēclīnātiō
Mīlitēs (n.pl) ex (prep) veteribus (ab.pl) legiōnibus
(ab.pl) [erant relictī] (pass.pluperf.p3.pl) praesidiō (d) castrīs (d.pl)
vocābulāria
mīles (n.m.3) soldier
legiō (n.f.3) legion
relinquere (v3) to leave behind
praesidium (n.ne.2) defence / guard / protection
castra (n.ne.2.pl) encampment
vetus (adj.1/2) old
Anglicē
The soldiers from the old legions had been left as a guard
for the camp
Grammar note
Dative of purpose*
praesidiō and castrīs
Latin uses a “double dative” here i.e. two nouns both in the
dative case:
[i] first one: for what purpose the action is happening
[ii] second one: who / what is affected by that
Mīlitēs ex veteribus legiōnibus erant relictī ¦ [i] praesidiō [ii]
castrīs.
The soldiers from the old legions had been left behind …
[i] For what purpose?
> praesidiō │ for the purpose of being
a guard = as a guard
[ii] What was affected by that, or who benefitted from it?
> praesidiō [ii] castrīs │ as a guard
[ii] for the camp
Examples from the authors:
[i] Māgnō ūsuī [ii] nostrīs fuit.
(Caesar) │ He was ¦ [i] of great service ¦ [ii] to our men.
[ii] Suīs [i] salūtī fuit. (Caesar)
│ He was [i] the salvation [ii] for our men.
English has a similar concept:
This was ¦ of advantage ¦ to us.
A neat way of remembering this construction is a two word
quotation from Cicero:
Cui [dative] bonō [dative]? │ Who benefits? [Literally: to
whom (is it) of advantage?]
More information on this at the moment can be found here:
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