The adverb hīc belongs to a group of
adverbs that describe location [i] at a place [ii] to a place, and [iii] from a
place.Although not distinguished in written Classical Latin, there is a
distinction between hic with short /i/ and hīc with
long /ī/:
hic [m.sg] │ this
hīc [adverb; does not
decline] │ here
The adverbs ‘here’ and ‘there’ are now used in English
irrespective of whether the person is ‘staying here / there’
[no movement], ‘going there / coming here’
[movement towards a place] or ‘going from here / there’
[movement away from a place] with the addition of prepositions when necessary,
e.g. ‘He ran away from here. The English adverbs ‘hither’ (to
here) ‘thither’ (to there) ‘hence’ (from here) and ‘thence’ (from there) do
exist but are nowadays considered archaisms i.e. we no longer, or rarely use
them. Latin, and indeed other modern languages, for example German and Russian,
regularly distinguish between no movement, movement towards or movement away
from a place e.g. Gmn: dort (there; at that place), dorthin (to
there), hier (here; at this place), hierher (to
here).
Image #2: Note the spelling patterns that distinguish between ‘at’, ‘to’ and ‘from’ with these adverbs.
ūsque is sometimes used with ad + acc to express ‘until’; ‘up to’
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