17.09.24: Level 1; review; practice in the cases; 1st / 2nd declension nouns and adjectives; dative case singular and plural

Lectiō §30

Dative singular: -ae; -ō

nautae ¦ aurum dat │ (s)he gives gold ¦ to the sailor

servō ¦ aurum dat │ (s)he gives gold ¦ to the slave

oppidō ¦ aurum dat │ (s)he gives gold ¦ to the town

Dative plural: -īs

nautīs ¦ aurum dat │ (s)he gives gold ¦ to the sailors

servīs ¦ aurum dat │ (s)he gives gold ¦ to the slaves

oppidīs ¦ aurum dat │ (s)he gives gold ¦ to the towns

Lesbia est fīlia Brūtī. Brūtus fīliae dat vaccam. Lesbiae dat vaccam candidam. Lesbia Brūtō cāra est. Brūtus Lesbiae cārus est. Vacca quoque Lesbiae cāra est. Lesbia vaccam "Caeliam" vocat. Lesbia vaccae cibum dat. Vaccae herbam dat. Vaccae herbam amant. Agricolae vaccīs herbam saepe dant. Lesbia ipsa vaccae cibum parat. Lesbia ipsa vaccae aquam dat. Quam cāra Lesbiae est vacca! Quam cāra parvae vaccae est Lesbia. Lesbia Brūtum plūs quam Caeliam amat. Sed Brutus est pater: Caelia est vacca.

[1] Find the Latin for the words in bold:

Dative singular: first declension

• Brutus gives a cow to (his) daughter.
• He gives a white cow to Lesbia.
• Lesbia gives food to the cow.
• She gives grass to the cow.
• Lesbia herself gives water to the cow.
• Lesbia herself prepares food for the cow.
• Brutus is dear to Lesbia.
• The cow is also dear to Lesbia.
• How dear the cow is to Lesbia!
• How dear Lesbia is to the little cow!

Dative singular: 2^nd declension

• Lesbia is dear to Brutus.

Dative plural

• Farmers often give grass to the cows.

[2]

Dative singular

1^st declension

Nominative: vacca (cow)

> Dative: vaccae

2^nd declension

Masculine and neuter

Nominative: amīcus (friend)

> Dative: amīcō

Nominative: templum (temple)

> Dative: templō

Dative plural

The dative plural ending is the same for all 1^st and 2^nd declension nouns: -īs

Nominative plural: vaccae

> Dative plural: vaccīs

Nominative plural: amīcī

> Dative plural: amīcīs

Nominative plural: templa

> Dative plural: templīs

[3] The dative case refers to the indirect object of the sentence:

Lesbia vaccae [dative singular] cibum [accusative singular] dat. │ Lesbia gives food ¦ to the cow.

Agricolae vaccīs [dative plural] herbam [accusative singular] saepe dant. │ Farmers often give grass ¦ to (the) cows.

[4] The indirect object may also refer to the person or thing for whom / which something is done:

Lesbia ipsa vaccae [dative singular] cibum [accusative singular] parat. │ Lesbia herself prepares food ¦ for the cow.

[5] The dative is also used with certain adjectives which, when translated, often include ‘to’ in English:

Brūtus Lesbiae cārus est. │ Brutus is dear ¦ to Lesbia.

Lesbia Brūtō cāra est. │ Lesbia is dear ¦ to Brutus.

Note:

Take a close look at these two sentences. An ending can refer to more than one case and so you need to read the whole sentence and, in particular, look at the verb.

Vaccae [nominative plural] herbam amant. │ The cows love grass.

Vaccae [dative singular] herbam dat. │ She gives grass to the cow.

§31: interrogātiō

[i] Match the question words with the English meanings:

Cui?

Cuius?

Cūr?

Quid?

Quis?

What?

Who?

Whose?

Why?

To whom?

[ii] Answer the questions in Latin.

1. Cuius fīlia est Lesbia ?
2. Quid est Caelia ?
3. Quid Brūtus fīliae dat?
4. Cui dat vaccam?
5. Quid amat Lesbia?
6. Quid Lesbia vaccae dat?
7. Cūr Caelia herbam amat?
8. Cūr Lesbia herbam nōn amat?
9. Quid vaccīs agricolae dant?
10. Quis Caeliae aquam dat?
11. Quis cibum vaccae parat?
12. Cūr Lesbia Brūtum plūs quam Caeliam amat?