07.08.25: Level 1; Road to Latin [25]; [i] Cornēlius, Dominus; [ii] Cornēlius et fīliī

Note: this post and the two subsequent ones deal with nouns of the second declension, which has been covered many times in previous posts. The key information together with a list of links is available here:

https://mega.nz/file/2F8VGRpY#P4mfrMSDiyGAfEXLR9mnK3Mmece0TXa10CONM3ZIKbI

Cornēlius, Dominus

[masculine nouns of the 2nd declension; nominative, accusative and vocative]

Cornēlius est dominus vīllae; dominus Cornēlius est vir bonus. Dominus bonus servum habet. Puer laetus dominum bonum amat. Dominus magnum hortum habet; dominus et domina in hortō ambulant. Hortus est longus et lātus. Servus in hortum properat. Ferē cotīdiē in hortō labōrat. Esne dēfessus, serve? Esne tū dēfessus, puer?

​Cornēlius multōs fīliōs habet. Fīliī sunt bonī. Fīliī sunt Mārcus, Lūcius, Aulus, Pūblius, Servius. Fīliī parvī sunt Pūblius et Servius. Fīlius adultus est Mārcus. Estisne discipulī bonī, puerī? Lūcius est discipulus bonus et dīligenter labōrat. Aulus quoque est bonus discipulus. Fīliī parvī nōndum sunt discipulī. Cornēlius fīliōs bonōs amat et saepe laudat. Nōnne Cornēlium amātīs, fīliī?

Exercise

Respondē Latīnē:

1. Quis est Cornēlius?
2. Quālis dominus est Cornēlius?
3. Quālem servum bonus dominus habet?
4. Quem puer laetus amat?
5. Quid habet Cornēlius?
6. Quī ambulant in hortō? *Qui = ​who?
7. Estne hortus longus et lātus?
8. Quō servus laetus properat?
9. Esne dēfessus, serve bone?
10. Quālēs sunt fīliī?
11. Quālēs sunt Pūblius et Servius?
12. Quis est discipulus bonus?
13. Suntne fīliī parvī discipulī?
14. Quōs Cornēlius laudat?
15. Amātīsne Cornēlium, fīliī?

Cornēlius et fīliī

Cornēlius et fīliī in Viā Appiā sunt. Virum armātum vident. Vir armātus est nūntius Rōmānus et equum album habet. Et nūntius et equus sunt dēfessī quod Rōmam properant. Nūntius magnam pugnam Rōmānam nūntiat. “Ubi, mī amīce, Rōmānī pugnant?” clāmat Cornēlius. “Rōmānī in Galliā pugnant, Cornēlī,” respondet nūntius. “Quis est lēgātus?” rogat Cornēlius. “Rōmānī Labiēnum lēgātum habent,” respondet nūntius. “Labiēnus gladium tenet et virōs armātōs vocat. Tum virī armātī pugnant.” Nūntius Rōmam properat sed Cornēlius et fīliī domum ambulant. Lūcius nūntium et equum album laudat. Tum parvus Pūblius clāmat, “ego gladium magnum dēsīderō! Parvī puerī semper gladiōs dēsiderant.” “Lēgātī, mī fīlī, nōn parvī puerī, gladiōs habent,” respondet Cornēlius. “Gladium nōn dēsīderās, parve Pūblī,” clāmat Lūcius. “Tū es parvus puer. Ego sum paene adultus et gladium dēsiderō.” Marcus, meus fīlius adultus, gladium habet,” respondet Cornēlius, “sed vōs fīliī meī, nōn estis adultī et nunc librōs tabellāsque, nōn gladiōs, dēsīderātis.”

Vocabulary

adultus, adulta: grown up, full-grown

armātus, armāta: armed

clāmō, clāmāre [1]: to shout, call out, exclaim

discipulus, -ī [2/m]: student, pupil

dominus, -ī [2/m]: master

equus, -ī [2/m]: horse

ferē, almost

fīlius, -ī [2/m]: son

Gallia, -ae [1/f]: Gaul

gladius, -ī [2/m]: sword

hortus, -ī [2/m]: garden

lēgātus, -ī [2/m]: lieutenant; envoy

liber, librī [2/m]: book

nōndum, not yet

nūntiō, nūntiāre [1]: to announce, report

nūntius, -ī [2/m]: messenger; message

puer, -ī [2/m]: boy

pugna, -ae [1/f]: fight, battle

pugnō, pugnāre [1]: to fight, contend

respondeō, respondēre [2]: to reply, respond, answer

rogō, rogāre [1]: to ask, question

Rōmānus, Rōmāna: Roman

Rōmānus, -ī [2/m]: (as a noun) Roman man

servus, -ī [2/m]: slave

tabella, -ae [1/f]:writing tablet

teneō, tenēre [2]: to hold, grasp

vir, -ī [2/m]: man

Grammar

2^nd declension masculine nouns end in -us or -er (-ir)

[1] Nominative Singular

Cornēlius est dominus vīllae │ Cornelius is the master of the villa.

Tū es parvus puer │ You are a small boy.

Vir … est nūntius │ The man is a messenger.

[2] Vocative Singular: used when addressing somebody directly

Esne dēfessus, serve? │ Are you tired, servant?

A separate ending for the vocative case only exists for 2^nd declension nouns ending in -us; in all other instances, the vocative is the same as the nominative

Note:

[i] fīlius (son) and proper nouns ending in -ius

Nominative: fīlius; Cornelius

Vocative: fīlī; Cornelī

Rōmānī in Galliā pugnant, Cornēlī │ The Romans are fighting in Gaul, Cornelius.

[ii] meus > vocative: mī

Ubi, mī amīce, Rōmanī pugnant? │ Where, my friend, are the Romans fighting?

Lēgātī, mī fīlī … gladiōs habent. │ The envoys, my son, have swords.

[3] Accusative singular

Labiēnus gladium tenet │ Labienus is holding a sword.

Servus in hortum properat │ The slave hurries into the garden.

Virum … vident │ They see the man.

[4] Nominative plural

Fīliī … nōndum sunt discipulī. │ The sons are not yet pupils.

[5] Accusative plural

Cornēlius fīliōs … amat │ Cornelius loves the sons.

Parvī puerī semper gladiōs dēsiderant │ Small boys always desire swords.

Virōs … vocat │ He calls the men.

Note in particular the following:

Nunc librōs … dēsīderātis │ Now you desire books.

Some nouns in -er lose /e/ when any ending is added to them.

Nominative Singular: liber

Librum legō │ I’m reading a book.

Librōs … legitis │ You are reading books.

All of the above is discussed in detail at the link given at the beginning of the post.