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OM_01: pronunciation
notes; stress
The reader makes two small errors which I’ll mention at the
end of this post. None of us are perfect, and I’m sure that, when we’re
speaking a second language – or even our native language – we slip up from time
to time.
All the stress rules of Latin are in these readings.
A Latin word is made up of one or more syllables. One of
those syllables will be stressed i.e. said a LIT-tle more
STRONG-ly than the O-ther SYL-lables.
The rules for this in Latin are fairly straightforward.
[1] In English a word can be stressed on a final syllable
e.g. be-GIN.
In Latin, the final syllable is not stressed.
Therefore, in a two syllable word, it is always the first syllable that’s
stressed.
án-te [AN-te]
bél-la [BEL-la]
mé-a [ME-a]
vī́l-la [U̯ĪL-la]
ṓ-ra [Ō-ra]
pró-cul [PRO-kul]
ú-bi [U-bi]
a diphthong is a single sound made from two
vowels as in English: sAId or trEE
/ae/ is a single sound: as in English ‘eye’
/au/ is a single sound: as in English ‘how’
náu-tae: 2 syllables
[2] When a word is more than two syllables, the
following rules apply:
[i] 2nd last syllable is a long vowel e.g.
ca-│ tē-│ nae: that syllable is stressed i.e. ca-TE-nae
ca-tḗ-nae [ka-TĒ-nae]
be-ā́-tās [be-Ā-tas]
nau-tā́-rum [nau-TĀ-rum]
for-mī́-dant [for-MĪ-dant]
[ii] 2nd last syllable is a short vowel followed by 2
consonants e.g. an-│ cĭl-│la: that syllable is stressed
i.e. an-CIL-la
an-cíl-la [an-KIL-la]
in-tér-dum [in-TER-dum]
pro-cél-lās [pro-KEL-las]
Although there are no examples in the text, that also
applies if:
(a) the 2nd last syllable is a diphthong: per-SAE-pe
(b) the 2nd last syllable is followed by /x/ [=ks i.e. 2
consonant sound]: pa-ra-DOX-us
____________________
[iii] 2nd last syllable is a short vowel, the stress moves
back one place:
á-│ mĭ-│ ta [A-mi-ta]
há-bĭ-tat [HA-bi-tat]
ma-rí-tĭ-ma [ma-RI-ti-ma]
nā́-vĭ-gō [NĀ-u̯i-go]
[Note: he makes two slight errors: [i] in the second last
line he mispronounces nautās, making it sound like *nautos*; NAU-tās with
long /ā/ is the correct pronunciation, and [ii] A-mant i.e. the stress should
be on the first syllable, not the second *a-mánt*]
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