Sunday, May 19, 2024

21.05.24: Level 1; Ora Maritima [1] (2)

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OM_01: pronunciation notes; stress

The reader makes two small errors which I’ll mention at the end of this post. None of us are perfect, and I’m sure that, when we’re speaking a second language – or even our native language – we slip up from time to time.

All the stress rules of Latin are in these readings.

A Latin word is made up of one or more syllables. One of those syllables will be stressed i.e. said a LIT-tle more STRONG-ly than the O-ther SYL-lables.

The rules for this in Latin are fairly straightforward.

[1] In English a word can be stressed on a final syllable e.g. be-GIN.

In Latin, the final syllable is not stressed. Therefore, in a two syllable word, it is always the first syllable that’s stressed.

n-te [AN-te]

bél-la [BEL-la]

m-a [ME-a]

vī́l-la [U̯ĪL-la]

ṓ-ra [Ō-ra]

pr-cul [PRO-kul]

-bi [U-bi]

diphthong is a single sound made from two vowels as in English: sAId or trEE

/ae/ is a single sound: as in English ‘eye’

/au/ is a single sound: as in English ‘how

náu-tae: 2 syllables

[2] When a word is more than two syllables, the following rules apply:

[i] 2nd last syllable is a long vowel e.g. ca-│ tē-│ nae: that syllable is stressed i.e. ca-TE-nae

ca-tḗ-nae [ka-TĒ-nae]

be-ā́-tās [be-Ā-tas]

nau-tā́-rum [nau-TĀ-rum]

for-mī́-dant [for-MĪ-dant]

[ii] 2nd last syllable is a short vowel followed by 2 consonants e.g. an-│ cĭl-│la: that syllable is stressed i.e. an-CIL-la

an-cl-la [an-KIL-la]

in-tr-dum [in-TER-dum]

pro-cl-lās [pro-KEL-las]

Although there are no examples in the text, that also applies if:

(a) the 2nd last syllable is a diphthong: per-SAE-pe

(b) the 2nd last syllable is followed by /x/ [=ks i.e. 2 consonant sound]: pa-ra-DOX-us

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[iii] 2nd last syllable is a short vowel, the stress moves back one place:

á-│ mĭ-│ ta [A-mi-ta]

há-bĭ-tat [HA-bi-tat]

ma-r-tĭ-ma [ma-RI-ti-ma]

nā́-vĭ-gō [NĀ-u̯i-go]

[Note: he makes two slight errors: [i] in the second last line he mispronounces nautās, making it sound like *nautos*; NAU-tās with long /ā/ is the correct pronunciation, and [ii] A-mant i.e. the stress should be on the first syllable, not the second *a-mánt*]

 



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