22.05.25: Level 1; readings [12] - [15]: review (1b); the demonstrative is, ea, id

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Latin_for_beginners_(1911)/Part_II/Lesson_XVII

[i] A demonstrative is a word that points out an object definitely, as this, that, these, those. Sometimes these words are pronouns, as in “Do you hear these?” and sometimes adjectives, as in “Do you hear these men?” In the former case they are called demonstrative pronouns, in the latter demonstrative adjectives.

[ii] Demonstratives are similarly used in Latin both as pronouns and as adjectives. The one used most is:

is, masculine ; ea, feminine ; id, neuter │ singular: this / that; plural: these / those

[iii] image: declension of is, ea, id

[iv] Besides being used as demonstrative pronouns and adjectives the Latin demonstratives are regularly used for the personal pronoun he, she, it. As a personal pronoun, then, is would have the following meanings:

SINGULAR

Nominative: is, he │ ea, she │ id, it

Genitive: eius, his / her / its or of him / her / it (no distinction made in gender)

Dative: eī, to or for him / her / it (no distinction made in gender)

Accusative: eum, him │ eam, her │ id, it

Ablative: eō, with, from, by etc. him / it │eā, with, from, by etc. her

PLURAL

Nominative: eī or iī, eae, ea, they

Genitive:  eōrum, eārum, eōrum, of them, their

Dative: eīs or iīs, to or for them

Accusative: eōs, eās, ea, them

Ablative: eīs or iīs, with, from, by etc. them

Dialogue

Cornelius and Marcus

M. Quis est vir, Cornēlī, cum puerō parvō? Estne Rōmānus et līber?

C. Rōmānus nōn est, Mārce. Is vir est servus et eius domicilium est in silvīs Galliae.

M. Estne puer fīlius eius servī an alterīus?

C. Neutrīus fīlius est puer. Is est fīlius lēgātī Sextī.

M. Quō puer cum eō servō properat?

C. Is cum servō properat ad lātōs Sextī agrōs. Tōtum frūmentum est iam mātūrum et magnus servōrum numerus in Italiae agrīs labōrat.

M. Agricolaene sunt Gallī et patriae suae agrōs arant?

C. Nōn agricolae sunt. Bellum amant Gallī, nōn agrī cultūram. Apud eōs virī pugnant et fēminae auxiliō līberōrum agrōs arant parantque cibum.

M. Magister noster puerīs puellīsque grātās Gallōrum fābulās saepe nārrat et laudat eōs saepe.

C. Mala est fortūna eōrum et saepe miserī servī multīs cum lacrimīs patriam suam dēsīderant.

vocabulary

agrī cultūra, -ae [1/ f]: agriculture

domicilium, domiciliī [2/n]: abode, dwelling place,  domicile

fēmina, -ae [1/f] woman

Gallia, -ae [1/f]: Gaul

Gallus, -ī [2/m]: a Gaul

lacrima, -ae [1/f]: tear

numerus, -ī [2/m]: number

alter, -a, -um: the other; the second

neuter, neutra, neutrum: neither

mātūrus, -a, -um: ripe, mature

arat: he (she, it) ploughs

dēsīderat: he (she, it) misses, longs for

quō: whither; to where?

an: or, introducing the second half of a double question: Estne Rōmānus an Gallus? │  Is he a Roman or a Gaul?

Find the Latin:

1. His ‘abode’ (home; where he stays) is in the forests.
2. He is hurrying to the fields of Sextus.
3. Among them [i.e. in their culture / lifestyle] the men fight
4. Is the boy the son of that slave or of the other?
5. Our teacher … often praises them.
6. That man is a slave.
7. The boy is the son of neither. He is the son of Sextus, the ambassador.
8. Their fortune is bad [ = they have bad luck]
9. Where is the boy hurrying to with that slave?