26.02.24: nominative plural of first and second declension nouns [1]; hī / hae

26.02.24: nominative plural of first and second declension nouns [1]; hī / hae

[refer to image: A New Latin Primer (Mima Maxey (1933)]

Look at the underlined words:

Salvē, discipula. Salvē, magistra. Salvē, discipule. Salvē, magister. Salvēte, discipulī. Valē, discipula. Valē, magistra. Valēte, discipulī.

Hic est discipulus. Haec est discipula.

Hic est puer. Haec est puella.

Hae sunt puellae. Hī sunt puerī.

[1] plurals of nouns

nominative singular > nominative plural

first declension

-a > -ae

puella (girl) > puellae (girls)

second declension

-us > -ī

discipulus (pupil) > discipulī (pupils)

-er > -ī

puer (boy) > puerī.

[2] plurals of hic and haec

nominative singular

hic est discipulus: this / he is a pupil

> nominative plural

hī sunt discipulī: these / they are pupils

nominative singular

hic est puer: this / he is a boy

> nominative plural: hī sunt puerī: these / they are boys

nominative singular

haec est puella: this / she is a girl

> nominative plural: hae sunt puellae: these / they are girls

Note: In the text, the teacher says "Salvē, discipule" because one male pupil is being addressed i.e. the vocative case is used with nouns ending in -us. However, where all the pupils are addressed the teacher says "Salvēte, discipulī" because the vocative plural forms of nouns are the same as nominative plural.