05.08.24: Level 1: dialogue; Galba and Marcus

G. Quis, Mārce, est lēgātus gerēns (bearing) pīllum et tubam?

M. Lēgātus, Galba, est Sextus.

G. Ubi Sextus habitat?

M. In oppidō Sextus cum fīliābus habitat.

G. Amantne oppidānī Sextum?

M. Amant oppidānī Sextum et laudant, quod magnā cum cōnstantiā pugnat.

G. Ubi, Mārce, est ancilla tua? Cūr nōn cēnam parat?

M. Ancilla mea, Galba, equō lēgātī aquam et frūmentum dat.

G. Cūr nōn servus Sextī equum dominī cūrat?

M. Sextus et servus ad mūrum oppidī properant. Oppidānī bellum parant.

Vocabulary

[i] Nouns

• bellum, -ī, n., war (re-bel)
• cōnstantia, -ae, f., firmness, constancy, steadiness
• dominus, -ī, m., master, lord (dominate)
• equus, -ī, m., horse (equine)
• frūmentum, -ī, n., grain
• lēgātus, -ī, m., lieutenant, ambassador (legate)
• Mārcus, -ī, m., Marcus, Mark
• mūrus, -ī, m., wall (mural)
• oppidānus, -ī, m., townsman
• oppidum, -ī, n., town
• pīlum, -ī, n., spear (pile driver)
• servus, -ī, m., slave, servant
• Sextus, -ī, m., Sextus

[ii] Verbs

• cūrat, he (she, it) cares for, with acc.
• properat, he (she, it) hastens

Grammar

[i] https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Latin_for_beginners_(1911)/Part_II/Lesson_IX

[ii] image: 2nd declension nouns in -us and -um

[ii] Ubi, Mārce, est ancilla tua? This is an example of the vocative case which is used when addressing people (or things) directly i.e. the equivalent of “Tell me, John” or “Hello, Sarah” The only time this ending appears in nouns is with 2nd declension singular nouns ending in –(i)us: Mārcus > Mārce. For all other nouns – both singular and plural – the vocative is the same as the nominative.

Proper names ending in -ius form a vocative in -ī: Iūlī

Note also: fīlius (son) > mī fīlī (my son)

Questions

[A] Find the Latin:

1. Where does Sextus live?
2. Who is the ambassador?
3. Where, Marcus, is your maidservant?
4. My maidservant is giving grain to the horse of the ambassador. [= the ambassador’s horse]
5. Sextus and the slave are hurrying towards the wall of the town.
6. My maidservant is giving grain to the horse.
7. Do the people in the town love Sextus?
8. Sextus and the slave are hurrying towards the wall.
9. Who is the ambassador bearing a spear?
10. The people in the town are preparing (for) war.
11. My maidservant is giving grain …
12. Sextus lives in a town.
13. Do the people in the town love Sextus?
14. 4 cases in one sentence:

• Why isn’t Sextus’ slave looking after / caring for the master’s horse?
• Why isn’t Sextus’ slave looking after the master’s horse?
• Why isn’t Sextus’ slave looking after the master’s horse?
• Why isn’t Sextus’ slave looking after the master’s horse?

[B] Questions

Translate the questions and answer them in Latin.

1. Ubi fīliae Sextī habitant?

2. Quem oppidānī amant et laudant?

3. Quid ancilla equō lēgātī dat?

4. Cuius equum ancilla cūrat?

5. Quis ad mūrum cum Sextō properat?

6. Quid oppidānī parant?