Gāius Marcius Coriolōs, oppidum Volscōrum, superāvit. Inde Rōmānī Marcium Coriolānum appellāvērunt. Sed populus Rōmānus Coriolānum, quia erat superbus, cōnsulem nōn creāvit et posteā ex oppidō expulit. Coriolānus et Attius Tullius, quī erat rēx Volscōrum, Rōmae appropinquābant et agrōs Rōmānōrum vastābant. Rōmānī nūntiōs multōs ad Coriolānum frūstrā mīsērunt. Sed, ubi Veturia et Volumnia et puerī ad Coriolānum vēnērunt, lacrimae fēminārum superāvērunt. Coriolānus cōpiās redūxit et oppidum erat tūtum.
Sentence structure: the sentence structure in these texts is fairly simple but they do give practice in identifying key words that break up a long sentence into clauses:
principal / main clause: part of the sentence that can stand alone and make sense:
- Sed populus Rōmānus Coriolānum ... cōnsulem nōn creāvit. │ But the Roman people ... did not make Coriolanus a consul.
subordinate clause: a clause that cannot stand alone and must be connected to another part of the sentence:
- ...quia erat superbus ... │ ...because he was arrogant ...
- ...ubi Veturia et Volumnia et puerī ad Coriolānum vēnērunt ... │ ...when Veturia and Volumnia and the children came to Coriolanus ...
relative / adjectival clause: this is also a subordinate clause in that it cannot stand alone, but has the specific name of relative clause because it relates / refers to / describes a previously mentioned person / thing
- Attius Tullius, quī erat rēx Volscōrum ... │ Attius Tullius, who was the king of the Volsci ...
[i] Sed populus Rōmānus Coriolānum, ¦ [ii] quia erat superbus [subordinate
clause of reason], ¦ [i] cōnsulem nōn creāvit [principal clause #1] ¦ [i] et posteā ex oppidō expulit [principal
clause #2].
[i] Coriolānus et Attius Tullius, ¦ [ii] quī erat rēx Volscōrum [relative / adjectival clause], ¦ [i] Rōmae appropinquābant [principal clause #1] ¦ [i] et agrōs Rōmānōrum vastābant [principal clause #2].
[i] Sed, ¦ [ii] ubi Veturia et Volumnia et puerī ad Coriolānum vēnērunt [subordinate clause of time], ¦ [i] lacrimae fēminārum superāvērunt [principal clause].
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Gaius Marcius overcame Coriolos, a town of the Volsci. Then the Romans called Marcius Coriolanus. But the Roman people did not make Coriolanus a consul because he was arrogant, and afterwards expelled him from the town. Coriolanus and Attius Tullius, who was king of the Volsci, approached Rome and laid waste the fields of the Romans. The Romans sent many messengers to Coriolanus in vain. But when Veturia and Volumnia and the children came to Coriolanus, the women's tears overcame (them). Coriolanus brought back his troops, and the town was safe.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volsci
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