02.10.24: Level 2; Ordinal numbers – all forms [2]; 20th – 90th

[1] When we looked at the cardinal numbers, the “markers” -gintī; -gintā which indicate multiples of ten were referred to.

Similarly, the ordinals of the multiples of ten have a distinctive ending:  -ē(n)simus. This is also a 1st / 2nd declension adjective ending:  -ē(n)simus, -a, -um 

Cardinal numbers 20-90 do not decline: -gintā; -gintī
vīgintī	20	XX
trīgintā	30	XXX
quadrāgintā	40	XL
quīnquāgintā	50	L
sexāgintā	60	LX
septuāgintā	70	LXX
octōgintā	80	LXXX
nōnāgintā	90	XC

Ordinal numbers decline as 1st / 2nd declension adjectives: -cē(n)simus, -a, -um; -gē(n)simus, -a, -um
vīcē(n)simus; vīgē(n)simus	20th
trīcē(n)simus; trigē(n)simus	30th
quadrāgē(n)simus	40th
quīnquāgē(n)simus	50th
sexāgē(n)simus	60th
septuāgē(n)simus	70th
octōgē(n)simus	80th
nōnāgē(n)simus	90th

[2] Spelling of the ordinals can vary slightly and you will come across the inclusion of /n/ i.e. -ēnsimus or variation between /g/ and /c/ in 20^th and 30th; these are points simply to note because the ordinals are easily recognised

ab annō vīcēsimō (Nepos) │ from the twentieth year

vīcēnsimō diē (Pliny the Elder) │ on the twentieth day

vīgēsimō annō (Vulgate) │ in the twentieth year

librō vīgēnsimō quārtō (Justinian) │ in the twenty-fourth book

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tertiō et trīcēsimō annō (Cicero)

sextō trīcēnsimō annō (Cicero)

in* octāvō et trīgēsimō annō (Vulgate)

librō trigēnsimō secundō (Justinian)

*note the use of ‘in’ + the year in the Vulgate, whereas CL uses the ablative without a presposition

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quadrāgēsimō diē (Cicero) │ on the fortieth day

quadrāgēnsimō diē (Pliny the Elder) │on the fortieth day

octōgēsimō annō (Cicero) │in the eightieth year

octōgēnsimō librō (Justinian) │in the eightieth book

[3] The examples below show different ways of expressing the ordinals of the compound numbers; both parts decline and the order of words can vary

librō vīcēnsimō prīmō (Justinian) │in the twenty-first book

ūnō et vīcēsimō librō (Gellius) │ in the twenty-first book

vīcēsimō et secundō annō (Gordianus Tertius) │ in the twenty-second year

annō secundō et vīcēsimō (Nepos) │ in the twenty-second  year

sextō trīcēnsimō annō (Cicero) │ in the thirty-sixth year

tertiō et trīcēsimō annō (Cicero) │in the thirty-third year

in octāvō et trīgēsimō annō (Vulgate) │ in the thirty-eighth year

ūnō et LXX diē (Pliny the Elder) │ on the seventy-first day