02.10.24: Level 2; Ordinal numbers – all forms [1]; 1st - 19th

Links to previous posts on ordinal numbers:

21.03.24: video; ordinal numbers 1^st – 10^th

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/410672978210643/

22.03.24: notes on the previous video and introduction to ordinal numbers

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/410993014845306/

22.03.24: ordinal numbers [2]; telling the time

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/411050398172901/

09.04.24: more on ordinal numbers [1]

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/421560213788586/

09.04.24: more on ordinal numbers; 11th – 31^st

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/421568470454427/

prīmus, -a, -um	1st	sextus	6th
secundus	2nd	septimus	7th
tertius	3rd	octāvus	8th
quārtus	4th	nōnus	9th
quīntus	5th	decimus	10th

[1] All ordinal numbers end in -us, -a, -um i.e. they decline like any other 1^st / 2^nd declension adjective; you will often see them in the ablative case with reference to [i] times and [ii] years; it is the topic of years that we will look at in detail in this and later posts

sextā hōrā │ at the sixth hour

quintō annō │ in the fifth year

[2] 1^st and 2^nd have unique ordinal forms that are different from the cardinal numbers as in English first and second; the remaining ordinals are derived from their cardinal forms:

1	I	ūnus	first	prīmus, -a, -um
2	II	duo	second	secundus
3	III	trēs	third	tertius
4	IV	quattuor	fourth	quārtus
5	V	quīnque	fifth	quīntus
6	VI	sex	sixth	sextus
7	VII	septem	seventh	septimus
8	VIII	octō	eighth	octāvus
9	IX	novem	ninth	nōnus
10	X	decem	tenth	decimus

[3] 11^th – 19^th

[i] 11^th – 12^th:

ūndecim (11) > ūndecimus, -ā, -um (11th)

duodecim (12) > duodecimus, -ā, -um (12th)

[ii] 13th – 19th are formed from the ordinal numbers 3rd – 7th + decimus, -a, -um. both parts are declined, and you may see variations as to how they are formed, but they are always recognisable:

tertius decimus	thirteenth
quārtus decimus	fourteenth
quīntus decimus	fifteenth
sextus decimus	sixteenth
septimus decimus	seventeenth
octāvus decimus	eighteenth
nōnus decimus	nineteenth

[iii] 18^th and 19^th may also be expressed in the following way, based upon the formation of the cardinal number

duo¦dē¦vīgintī (literally: 2 from 20) = 18	duo¦dē¦vīcēsimus (literally: 2 from 20th) =19th
ūn¦dē¦vīgintī (literally: 1 from 20) = 19	ūn¦dē¦vīcēsimus (literally: 1 from 20th) =19th

• Quīntō decimō diē (Livy) │ on the fifteenth day
• Duodecimō mēnse (Varrō) │ in the twelth month
• Tertiō decimō annō Pūnicī bellī (Livy) │ in the thirteenth year of the Punic War
• cum octāvō decimō aetātis annō Cn. Pompēius, nōnō decimō Caesar Octāviānus (Tacitus)│ when Cneius Pompeius and Cæsar Octavianus, in their eighteenth and nineteenth years respectively, …
• legiō duodēuīcēsima (Livy) │ the eighteenth legion
• in librō ūndēuīcēsimō (Gellius) │ in the nineteenth book

The following are a series of British legal Acts entitled in Latin. In which year(s) of the reign of which monarch(s) did each piece of legislation come into force?

[1]

Anno Regni

WILLIELMI

ET

MARIAE,

REGIS & REGINAE

ANGLIA, FRANCIA & HIBERNIA,

PRIMO.

[2] ANNO QUINTO DECIMO GEORGII VI REGIS

[3] ANNO UNDECIMO & DUODECIMO VICTORIAE REGINAE

[4] ANNO UNDEVICESIMO ELIZABETHAE SECUNDAE REGINAE

[5] ANNO DECIMO TERTIO GEORGII III REGIS

[6] ANNO REGNI GEORGII II REGIS, DECIMO QUARTO

[7] ANNO SECUNDO & TERTIO GULIELMI IV REGIS

[8] ANNO NONO GEORGII IV REGIS