26.04.25: Level 1; readings [6] - [11]: review (11); adjectives [vi]; 1st / 2nd declension adjectives [v]

In the previous posts I deliberately wrote that first and second declension adjectives happen to have the same endings as first and second declension nouns because there is a very important feature to note:

“Thus far the adjectives have had the same terminations (endings) as the nouns. However, the agreement between the adjective and its noun does not mean that they must have the same termination. If the adjective and the noun belong to different declensions, the terminations will, in many cases, not be the same. For example, nauta, sailor, is masculine and belongs to the first declension. The masculine form of the adjective bonus is of the second declension. Consequently, a good sailor is nauta bonus.” (D’Ooge)

*i.e. there are thousands of nouns which do not belong to the first and second declension but to other declensions and they will be discussed later. However, regardless of what declension a noun belongs to, the 1^st / 2^nd declension adjectives will retain the same endings; in other words, the declension of the noun does not influence the ending of the adjective: it is nauta [first declension; masculine] bonus [masculine] and not *nauta bona*

Nouns

arma, armōrum, n., plur., arms, especially defensive weapons

fāma, -ae, f., rumor; reputation, fame

galea, -ae, f., helmet

praeda, -ae, f., booty, spoils (predatory)

tēlum, -ī, n., weapon of offense, spear

Adjectives

dūrus, -a, -um, hard, rough; unfeeling, cruel; severe, toilsome (durable)

Rōmānus, -a, -um, Roman. As a noun, Rōmānus, -ī, m., a Roman

Exercise: translate

1. Est in vīcō nauta bonus.
2. Sextus est amīcus nautae bonī.
3. Sextus nautae bonō galeam dat.
4. Populus Rōmānus nautam bonum laudat.
5. Sextus cum nautā bonō praedam portat.
6. Ubi, nauta bone, sunt arma et tēla lēgātī Rōmānī?
7. Nautae bonī ad bellum properant.
8. Fāma nautārum bonōrum est clāra.
9. Pugnae sunt grātae nautīs bonīs.
10. Oppidānī nautās bonōs cūrant.
11. Cūr, nautae bonī, malī agricolae ad Rhēnum properant?
12. Malī agricolae cum bonīs nautīs pugnant.

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1. In the village there is a good sailor.
2. Sextus is a friend of the good sailor.
3. Sextus gives a helmet to the good sailor.
4. The roman people praise the good sailor.
5. Sextus carries the booty with the good sailor.
6. Where, good sailor, are the arms and offensive weapons of the Roman lieutenant?
7. The good sailors are hastening to war.
8. The reputation of the good sailors is famous.
9. 9 Battles are pleasing to good sailors.
10. The townsmen are caring for the good sailors.
11. Why, good sailors, are the wicked farmers hastening to the Rhine?
12. The bad farmers are fighting with the good sailors.