20.06.25: topic; ships [7]; Comenius; XCI; a Ship-wreck (2)

Incubuēre marī tōtumque ā sēdibus īmīs / ūna [1] Eurusque [2] Notusque ruunt crēberque procellīs / [3] Āfricus et vastōs volvunt ad lītora flūctūs. (Virgil)

[The winds] fall upon the sea and they overturn everything from the bottom-most depths – together, both [1] East Wind and [2] South Wind and, frequent with gusts, the [3] Southwest Wind – and they roll huge waves toward the shores.

[i] Images #1 and #2: Latin has a number of terms pertaining to wind direction which were first discussed here:

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/240424-nouns-and-adjectives-referring.html

Ancient Greek mythology referred to the ‘Anemoi’ / Ἄνεμοι (‘winds’) of which there were four, each personified as a god. In Roman mythology ‘anemoi’ is ventī (‘winds’) and the winds were also considered to be gods. The images of the four Gods are from the Tower of the Winds at Athens.

[1] Boreās, -ae [1/m]: the north wind

aquilō, aquilōnis [3/m]; septentriō, septentriōnis [3/m]: north, north wind

aquilōnāris, -e; boreālis, -e; septentriōnālis, -e: northern

[2] Notus, Notos, -ī [2/m]: the south wind

auster, austrī [2/m]; merīdiēs, merīdiēī [5/m]: south, south wind

austrālis, -e; merīdiōnālis, -e; merīdiānus, -a, -um: southern

[3] Eurus, -ī [2/m]; apēliōtēs, -ae [1/m]; subsōlānus, -ī [2/m]: east wind

oriēns, orientis [3/m]: east

orientālis, -e: eastern

[4] Zephyrus, -ī [2/m]; favōnius, -ī [2/m]: west wind

occidēns, occidentis [3/m]: west

occidentālis, -e: western

compass points

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/240424-east-and-west.html

Image #3: In antiquity, the earth was divided into parallel clime zones according to latitude; Renaissance geographers typically showed nine such climatic zones, this image also showing the compass points:

septentriō, septenriōnis [3/m]: north

merīdiēs, merīdiēī [5/m]: south

oriēns, orientis [3/m]: east

occidēns, occidentis [3/m]: west

Image #4: 1472: publication of Etymologiae of archbishop Isidore of Seville, a 7^th century encylcopedia

The map has East (Oriens) at the top, South (Meridies) at the right, West (Occidens) at the bottom, and North (Septentrio) at the left, the central sea labelled as ‘The Great Sea, or Mediterrnean” (Mare magnum sive mediterraneum). The continents aree named together with the son of Noah accredited with its settlement: Europa (Japhet / Iaphet), Africa (Ham), Asia (Shem). Jerusalem (Hierusalem) is placed in Western Asia near the centre of the world, the Garden of Eden (Paradisus) in the Far East.

Image #5

Sōl in oriente oritur. │ The sun rises in the East.

Sōl in occidente occidit. │ The sun sets in the West.

Ventus ab oriente spīrat. │ The wind is blowing from the East.

Ventus ab occidente flat. │ The wind is blowing from the West.