Thursday, May 9, 2024

10.05.24: review; future tense [2]; working with different tenses: Julia: a Latin Reader [2]

[1]

"Ego cum duōbus amīcīs contrā hostēs in angustō locō pugnābō. Ita omnēs prō ārīs templīsque Rōmānīs, prō uxōribus līberīsque, prō sacrīs virginibus pugnābimus. Ita urbem Rōmam cōnservābimus. Quis mēcum in extrēmō ponte stābit et contrā Etrūscōs pugnābit?"

Tum Lartius, "Ego," inquit, "ā dextrā stābō, et pontem tēcum cōnservābō"; et magnā vōce Herminius, "Ego," inquit, "ā sinistrā stābō et pontem tēcum cōnservābō."

[A] Vocabulary and notes

[i] 1st / 2nd declension adjectives in -er

sacer, sacra, sacrum: sacred; holy

dexter, dextra, dextrum: right

sinister, sinistra, sinistrum: left

[ii] prepositions with the accusative:

contrā: against; contrā Etrūscōs │against the Etruscans

[iii] uses of the ablative case

prepositions

in angustō locō │in a narrow position

in … ponte │on the bridge

cum … amīcīs │with…friends

cum: with me; tēcum: with you, i.e. written as one word with the preposition attached to the pronoun

prō: [i] in front of; before [ii] for; on behalf of:

We will fight …

prō ārīs templīsque Rōmānīs… │for the Roman altars and temples (or standing in front of before the altars and temples; either way, they intend to protect them)

prō uxōribus līberīsque │for (our) wives and children

ā / ab: (away) from, but here:

ā dextrā │on the right

ā sinistrā │on the left

But we have the same idea in “The enemy attacked from the right.”

Other uses of the ablative case have been discussed as the group has gone on. Here is an example from the text.

magnā vōce │ (he said) in a loud voice; the ablative expresses the way in which he said it

[B] Find the Latin from the text.

1. I shall fight

2. I shall preserve.

3. I shall stand.

4. Who will fight?

5. Who will stand?

6. We will fight.

7. We will preserve.

Much of what you read in Latin will be in different tenses at the same time. Here are some “gentle” examples.

[2]

"Ō cīvēs," inquit, "nūllās fēminās habēmus, sed Sabīnī cīvitātem fīnitimam habitant. Sabīnī fēminās multās et fōrmōsās habent. Sabīnōs igitur cum fēminīs ad lūdōs invītābimus, et virginēs raptābimus."

cīvitās, cīvitātis [3/f]: multiple meanings e.g. state; city and surrounding territory; kingdom; tribe

fīnitimus, -a, -um: neighbouring

[3]

Vōs quoque fortasse ad Ītaliam Graeciamque ōlim ipsī nāvigābitis, et illa loca oculīs vestrīs vidēbitis, ubi poētae habitābant.

From [2] and [3]:

Find the Latin

[i] Present tense

The Sabines … have many beautiful women

The Sabines … live

We have

[ii] Imperfect

The poets used to live

[iii] Future

You [pl.] will sail

You [pl.] will see

We will abduct

We will invite

___________________

[1] I will fight with two friends against the enemies in a narrow place. Thus we will all fight for the Roman altars and temples, for our wives and children, for the sacred (Vestal) virgins. Thus we will preserve the city of Rome. Who will stand with me at the end of the bridge and fight against the Etruscans?"

Then Lartius said "I will stand on the right, and maintain the bridge with you." and Herminius with a loud voice said "I will stand on the left and guard the bridge with you.”

[2] "Oh citizens," he said, "we have no women, but the Sabines live in a neighbouring state. The Sabines have many beautiful women. Therefore we will invite the Sabines with the women to the games, and we will abduct the young women."

[3] Perhaps you yourselves will also sail to Italy and Greece one day, and will see with your own eyes those places where the poets used to live.

 






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