13.05.24: review; future tense [6]; the future tense of 3rd, 3-iō and 4th conjugation verbs; examples in context

From Julia – a Latin reader; translations in the comments

[1] “Vōs autem meliōrēs fortiōrēsque estis hostibus; sī igitur bellum summīs vīribus gerētis, et virōs vōs praebēbitis, mox vōs victōrēs eritis et vestrās condiciōnēs hostibus ferētis. Ego Carthāginem nāvigābō nec fidem violābō.”

condiciō, condiciōnis [3/f]: term; condition; demand; usually plural: condiciōnēs

ferō, ferre [irregular]: bear; carry

gerō, gerere [3]: various meanings but with bellum, it means ‘wage’ (war).

Note: Two words in this extract can be easily misread which is why the author has put them both in the same sentence:

[i] vīs, vīs [3/f]: force; strength; power; often in the plural: vīrēs referring to physical strength

[ii] vir, -ī [2/m]: man; in the plural can also refer to ‘foot soldiers’

[i] summīs vīribus: with the greatest strength

[ii] virōs vōs praebēbitis: you will provide men (manpower; foot soldiers)

[2] “…et līber in līberā urbe tuā habitābis. Sed sī Rōmānī nōn ad pācem amīcitiamque adductī erunt, sed malās condiciōnēs ferent, et Poenōs odiō īrāque petent, tū nōn in urbe tuā manēbis, sed Carthāginem iterum veniēs, et vinculīs mortīque crūdēlī tē trādēs."

addūcō, addūcere [3]: lead, but has a second meaning of ‘persuading’ or leading somebody to a particular idea e.g. ‘peace and friendship’ from the text.

odium, -ī [2/n]: hatred

petō, petere [3]: (here) attack

trādō, trādere [3]: hand over; surrender

veniō, venīre [4]: come

[3] “Hodiē beātus sum, sed nōn semper fortasse rēs bene geram. Et ego fortasse veniam ā Dīs Immortālibus ōlīm petam. Captīvum igitur vinculīs flammīsque līberābō."

beātus, -a, -um: happy; blessed

petō, petere [3]: (here) beg; look for

venia, -ae [1/f]: forgiveness

vinculum, -ī [2/n]: chain

Note:

Here are examples of the two types of future being used in the same paragraphs:

līberō, līberāre [1]: free

nāvigō, nāvigāre [1]: sail

violō, violāre [1]: violate

maneō, manēre [2]: remain

prabeō, praebēre [2]: offer; provide

sum, esse [irr.]: be

[1] … virōs vōs praebēbitis, mox vōs victōrēs eritis et vestrās condiciōnēs hostibus ferētis. Ego Carthāginem nāvigābō nec fidem violābō. │… you will provide men, you will soon be victorious and you will take the demands to the enemy. I shall sail to Carthage, and I shall not break my word.

[2] Tū nōn in urbe tuā manēbis, sed Carthāginem iterum veniēs │ You will not remain in your city, but you will come again to Carthage

[3] Et ego veniam ā Dīs Immortālibus ōlīm petam. Captīvum igitur vinculīs flammīsque līberābō." │ And perhaps I will seek forgiveness from the Immortal Gods at that time. Therefore, I will release the captive from chains and flames.

____________________

[1] “But you are better and stronger than your enemies; If, therefore, you (will) wage war with the greatest strength, and (will) provide men, you will soon be victorious and (will) bring your conditions to the enemy. I shall sail to Carthage, and I shall not break my word.”

[2] "…and you will live free in your free city. But if the Romans are not moved / persuaded (will not be moved) to peace and friendship, but (will) bring bad conditions, and will attack the Carthaginians with hatred and anger, you will not remain in your city, but you will come again to Carthage, and you will hand yourself over to chains and cruel death."

[3] “Today I am happy, but I will not always manage things well. And perhaps I will seek forgiveness from the Immortal Gods at that time. I will therefore release the captive from chains and flames.”