Sunday, February 23, 2025

20.05.25: Level 2; topic; Mankind; the human body; accident and illness [11]; review; perfect passive participles

Images #1 - #3: Poisoned, murdered, snatched away, and thrown off rocks: many people in Classical Latin literature – both real and fictional – came to unfortunate ends: match the perfect passive participles with the images.

cruciātus

dēiectus          

fractum

mersus

necātus; occīsus

percussus; ictus         

raptus

strangulātus  

venēnātus

verberātus




Images #4 - #5: Translate and, this time, note the ablative without ā/ab expressing the means / instrument with / by which the action was performed rather than by a person.

Some more sticky ends ….

  1. Mīles sagittā trānsfīxus est.   
  2. Puer morsū serpentis venēnātus est.
  3. Rēx gladiō occīsus est.
  4. Domus incēnsa est.    
  5. Nāvis tempestāte dēlēta est.  
  6. Vir fulmine ictus est.

Image #6: The city of Rome and the Roman Empire are often presented in terms of violence; this is a skewed vision since the overwhelming majority of citizens lived in peace, but Classical Latin literature does include many descriptions of battles, political intrigue, rough justice, and the wrath of the Gods. Consequently, it is useful to build up a ‘bank’ of vocabulary connected with these sorts of themes.

cruciō, cruciāre, cruciāvī, cruciātūs [1]: torture; crucify

lacerō, lacerāre, lacerāvī, lacerātus [1]: tear to pieces

necō, necāre, necāvī, necātus [1]: kill; murder (especially without physical wounding e.g. by poison or hunger)

strangulō, strangulāre, strangulāvi, strangulātus [1]: strangle

superō, superāre, superāvī, superātus, [1]: conquer; overcome

vastō, vastāre, vastāvī, vastātus [1]: lay waste

venēnō, venēnāre, venēnāvī, venēnātus [1]: poison

verberō, verberāre, verberāvī, verberātus [1]: whip; beat

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dēleō, dēlēre, dēlēvī, dēlētus [2]: destroy

obsideō, obsidēre, obsēdī, obsessus [2]: besiege

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[īcō], icere, īcī, ictus [3]: hit; strike (In Classical Latin literature only the perfect forms are found.)

caedō, caedere, caesī  caesūs [3]: cut; strike; kill

frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctus [3]: break

incendō, incendere, incendī, incēnsus [3]: set fire to

mergō, mergere, mersī, mersus [3]: plunge; drown

occīdō, occīdere, occīdī, occīsus [3]: kill

submergō (also summergō), submergere, submersī, submersus [3]: sink

trānsfīgō, trānsfīgere, trānsfīxī, trānsfīxus [3]: thrust through

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dēiciō, dēicere, dēiēcī, dēiectūs [3-iō]: throw down

interficiō, interficere, interfēcī, interfectus [3-iō]: kill; assassinate; slay

percutiō, percutere, percussī, percussūs [3-iō]: strike; beat

rapiō,   rapere, rapuī, raptus [3-iō]: snatch; abduct

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