20.05.25: Level 2; review; prīmus annus [5]; cāsus ablātīvus; [i] opus; [ii] filled with; [iii] adjectives + the ablative

Vīlla Cornēliāna

Contentī sumus fundō nostrō. Vaccae enim lāc et cāseum, gallīnae anatēsque ōva, pecora carnem praebent. Flūmen etiam, quod praeter vīllam fluit, piscibus plēnum est. Haec omnia nūllō labōre habēmus, sed sī frūmentum et vīnum cupimus, multō labōre opus est. Nostrī autem servī fundum dīligenter cūrant; nam dominum amant, quia et iūstus et benignus est; sī enim servus laude dīgnus est, et laudem et praemium accipit, sed is quī indīgnus est sine morā poenās dat.

Apud Claudium contrā miserī sunt servī; dominus enim ipse Rōmae habitat, vīlicus autem est omnium hominum iniūstissimus. Servōs enim cottīdiē ferit, neque umquam satis cibī eīs dat. Eī quī ēsuriunt nōn bene labōrāre possunt. Nōlunt igitur servī Claudiam dīligenter labōrāre, et quam plūrimī ē fundō aufugiunt. Eīs enim quī labōrant opus est cibō; eīs etiam qui nōn labōrant cibō opus est vīvendī causā.

[1] Respondē:

1. Quālī pēnsō contentus est magister?
2. Quālibus servīs contentus est dominus?
3. Quibus rēbus mēnsa magistrī plena est?
4. Quibus rēbus nostra camera plēna est?
5. Quālibus hominibus nostra camera plēna est?
6. Quibus rēbus malum pēnsum est plēnum?
7. Quibus animālibus ager est plēnus? Quibus avibus fundus? Quibus animālibus mare?
8. Quā rē dīgnus es, sī pēnsum bene fēcistī?
9. Quā rē dīgnus es, sī pēnsum male fēcistī?
10. Quā rē tibi opus est scrībendī causā?
11. Quibus membrīs tibi opus est videndī causā? Et natandī causā (1)? Et ambulandī causā (1)?
12. Cūr servī apud Cornēlium libenter manēbant?
13. Cūr apud Claudium nōn manēbant?
14. Quis nostrōrum rēgum iūstus erat et benīgnus?
15. Quis nostrōrum rēgum poenās dedit, quia iniūstus erat?

(1) causā [+ genitive]: for the sake of; on account of; placed after the noun (or, here, gerund)

videndī causā │ literally: for the sake of seeking > in order to see

natandī causā│ literally: for the sake of swimming > in order to see

ambulandī causā │ literally: for the sake of walking > in order to see

vīvendī causā │ literally: for the sake of living > in order to live

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/10/121224-level-1-topic-school-4-arts.html

[2] uses of the ablative; find the Latin:

1. A slave is worthy of praise.
2. We are happy with our farm.
3. The river is full of (filled with) fish.
4. We have all these things with no work.
5. They need food. [ = to them there is need of food]
6. Much work is needed. [ = there is need of a lot of work]
7. They flee from the farm.
8. without delay

Notes

[1] opus, operis [3/n]: (here) need; necessity

opus esse: to have need (of something); the person who needs it is in the dative case, and what there is a need of is expressed either by the nominative case or, as here, the ablative case.

multō labōre [ablative] opus est │ a lot of work is needed [ = there is need for much work]

Eīs [dative] enim quī labōrant opus est cibō [ablative] │For those who are working need food. [ = To them who are working there is a need for food.

novō cōnsiliō [ablative] nunc mihi [dative] opus est (Plautus) │ Now I need [literally: to me there is need of] a new plan.

auxiliō [ablative] mihi [dative] opus fuerat (Cicero) │ I had needed assistance.

[2] Latin uses the ablative case (categorised under the ablative of means) with adjectives and verbs that refer to filling something with something or being filled with (full of) something:

Flūmen … piscibus plēnum est. │ The river is full of (filled with) fish.

Tōtum montem hominibus complēvit. │ He filled the whole mountain with men.

Vīlla abundat gallīnā, lacte, cāseō, melle (Cicero) │ The farm abounds in poultry, milk, cheese and honey.

[3] Some adjectives are followed by the ablative case; these adjectives may be classified under different uses of the ablative, but it is enough simply to recognise them:

contentus, -a, um: content, satisfied

Contentī sumus fundō nostrō. │ We are content with our farm.

(in)dignus, -a, -um: (un)worthy

sī enim servus laude dīgnus est │ for if the slave is worthy of praise

līber, -a, -um: free (from)

nūdus, -a, -um: naked; bare; deprived (of)

orbus, -a, -um: bereaved; bereft (of) e.g. parents; childless, fatherless etc.

vacuus, -a, -um: empty; devoid (of)

perge hinc ¦ omnī līber metū ¦ tēque et exercitum servā (Livy) │ march on from here ¦ free from all fear ¦  and save yourself and the army

Huic trādita urbs est nūda praesidiō, referta cōpiīs (Cicero) │ Rome is delivered to him stripped of protection, stocked with supplies

arce et urbe orba sum (Ennius) │ I am bereft of citadel and city

vacua dēfēnsōribus moenia (Livy) │ unmanned walls [ = walls devoid of defenders]