Friday, March 7, 2025

10.06.25: blunt razors, blood-letting and glowing walnut shells; Comenius LXXVI; at the barber’s shop [7]

The guy who cuts my hair in Thailand didn’t know the origin of the traditional red and white striped pole he has above his shop, but he knows now - even though I think he still doesn’t believe me!

Comenius continues …

Sometimes he cutteth a Vein with a Pen-knife, 11. where the Blood spirteth out, 12. │ Interdum secat Vēnam Scalpellō, 11. ubi Sanguis prōpullulat, 12.

The Chirurgeon cureth Wounds. │ Chīrūrgus cūrat Vulnera.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodletting

chīrūrgus, -ī [2/m]: surgeon

medicus, -ī [2/m]: doctor

scalpellum, -ī [2/n]: small surgical knife; scalpel

sanguis, sanguinis [3/m]: blood

secō, -āre, -uī [1]: cut off; the English word secateurs derived from French but originally from Latin refers to a pair of pruning shears

vulnus, vulneris [3/n]: wound; Engl. derivative: vulnerable

[1] A short (and painful) extract from Ørberg’s Familia Rōmāna:

Medicus (ad Iūlium): “Tenē bracchium puerī!” (ad Aemiliam): “Tenē pōculum sub bracchiō!” (ad Quīntum): “Claude oculōs, puer!” Medicus Quīntum oculōs claudere iubet, quod puer cultrum medicī timet.

Ecce medicus cultrum ad bracchium puerī appōnit. Perterritus Quīntus cultrum medicī sentit in bracchiō, nec oculōs aperīre audet. Capillī horrent. Cor palpitat. Medicus vēnam aperit. Ruber sanguis dē bracchiō in pōculum fluit. Quīntus sanguinem dē bracchiō fluere sentit atque horret. Frōns et genae alba sunt ut līlia …

horreō, -ēre, -uī [2]: stand upright; tremble; capillī horrent: (his) hair stands on end

[2] cumque lēgisset Iudi trēs pāgellās vel quattuor scidit illud scalpellō scrībae et prōiēcit in igne │ It happened, when Jehudi had read three or four leaves, that [the king] cut it with the penknife, and cast it into the fire (Vulgate)

[3] Extrīnsecus vērō interdum sīc ictus oculum laedit, ut sanguis in eō suffundātur. Nihil commodius est quam sanguine vel columbae vel palumbī vel hirundinis inunguēre │ but an external blow at times so injures the eye that blood is poured in it [ = it is suffused with blood]. Nothing is then better than to anoint (the eyeball) with the blood of a pigeon, dove, or swallow.

[4] Est etiam genus īnflammātiōnis, in quā, sī cui tument ac distenduntur cum dolōre oculī, sanguinem ex fronte ēmittī necessārium est (Celsus)│ There is also a class of inflammation in which, if the eyes swell and become tense with pain, it is necessary to let blood from the forehead

Image #1: blood-letting, amputation, tooth extraction, application of leeches … and they would also cut your hair! While the physicians examined your urine, the barber-surgeons cut things off and pulled things out. There are varying interpretations of the original red and white stripes, the red representing blood-letting, the white representing bones or teeth; another interpretation is that it depicts clean and blood-covered bandages. The pole itself can refer to a staff which the “patient” held tightly in order to stimulate blood flow (which is shown in the second image).

Image #2: one of the features of many images from the Middle Ages is the expressionless faces, but not in this case. You can share the pain of this poor chap as he experiences blood-letting, while holding the staff to stimulate the blood flow – and being kept firmly in his place by the foot of the barber-surgeon!

Image #3: depiction of blood-letting in Ancient Greece

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