13.10.25: Level 3; DĒ GALLIĀ OMNĪ II; irregular verbs [15]: [ii] eō, īre; ferō, ferre; fīō, fierī; vocabulary; text; questions; answers

Vocabulary

[1]

angustus, -a, -um: narrow; constricted

bellicōsus, -a, -um: warlike

lacus, -ūs [4/m]: lake

afficiō, -ere, afficī, affectus: to afflict, trouble, weaken

• afficī māgnī dolōre: to be greatly annoyed

[2] people and places

Haeduī, -ōrum, [2/m/pl]: the Haeduans, a tribe who lived in central France, west of Sequanians

Sēquanī, -ōrum [2/m/pl]: the Sequanians, a tribe living to the north and east of the Helvetians

Orgetorix, Orgetorīgis [3/m]:  Orgetorix, a Helvetian chief

Lemannus, -ī, [2/m]: Lake Geneva, still called Lake Leman

Rhodanus, -ī [2/m]: the river Rhone

Iūra, -ae [1/m]: the Jura or Jura Mountains a range extending from the Rhine to the Rhone, along the northwestern boundary of Switzerland

[3] compounds of eō, īre (the words in bold will be discussed in the next post)

adeō, adīre, adiī, aditūrus: to come near, approach; visit

exeō, -īre, exiī, exitūrus: to go out, withdraw, depart

subeō, -īre, subiī, subitūrus: to go under, undergo, suffer

[4] compounds of ferō, ferre (the words in bold will be discussed in the next post)

cōnfere, cōnferre, contulī, collātus: to collect, gather

īnferō, īnferre, intulī, illātus: to bring in

• bellum īnferre:  to make war upon; generally used with the dative; fīnitimīs bellum īnferre │ to make war on neighbours (LINK: verbs + dative case)

[5]

prō multitūdine hominum: in proportion to the population

ūnā ex parte … alterā ex parte … tertiā ex parte: on one side … on the other (second) side … on the third side

Multae gentēs Galliam incolunt. Helvētiī, Sēquanī, Haeduī sunt potentēs gentēs Gallicae. Hōrum omnium fortissimī sunt Helvetiī. Fīnēs eōrum autem angustī sunt et undique continentur: ūnā ex parte, flūmine Rhēnō, quī agrōs Helvētiōrum ā Germānīs dīvidit; alterā ex parte, monte Iurā quī est inter Sēquanōs et Helvētiōs; tertiā ex parte, lacū Lemānō et flūmine Rhodanō quī prōvinciam Rōmānam ab Helvētiīs dīvidit. Īsdem causīs mercātōrēs eōs facile adīre nōn possunt neque Helvētiī dē fīnibus facile exīre possunt. Sunt bellicōsissimī et perīcula libenter subeunt. Cum Germānīs bellum saepe gerunt; nam aut in Germānōrum fīnēs eunt et proeliō contendunt aut ipsī ā fīnibus Germānōs prohibent. Est difficile autem propter angustōs fīnēs multīs fīnitimīs bellum īnferre; quā dē causā magnō dolōre afficiuntur. Prō multitūdine hominum et prō glōriā bellī fīnēs sunt minōrēs et prīncipēs eōs iubent lātiōrēs agrōs petere. Orgetorīx potēns prīnceps est rēgnī cupidus. Ab eō multī nōbilēs cōnferentur. 

Exercises (answers are at the end of the post)

[i] Match the first part and second part of each statement

1. The Helvetians are …
2. The Rhine …
3. Between the Sequani and the Helvetians is …
4. Lemānō refers to …
5. The Roman province is separated from the Helvetians by …
6. The territory (borders) of the Helvetians is …

(a) …the river Rhone.

(b) …the Jura Mountain.

(c) … the bravest of them all.

(d) … enclosed on all sides.

(e) … a lake.

(f) … separates the Helvetians from the Germans.

[ii] “Īsdem causīs mercātōrēs eōs facile adīre nōn possunt neque Helvētiī dē fīnibus facile exīre possunt.” What difficulties are faced because of the geography of the area? (2)

[iii] Translate:

Sunt bellicōsissimī et perīcula libenter subeunt. Cum Germānīs bellum saepe gerunt; nam aut in Germānōrum fīnēs eunt et proeliō contendunt aut ipsī ā fīnibus Germānōs prohibent. (7)

[iv] Est difficile autem propter angustōs fīnēs multīs fīnitimīs bellum īnferre; quā dē causā magnō dolōre afficiuntur.

What is a source of great annoyance? (3)

[v] (a) How does the territory compare with the size of the population? (b) How do the chiefs respond to this? (3)

[vi] Give three pieces of information about Orgetorix (3)

[vii] Find the Latin:

1. They go to / into the territory
2. they undergo / suffer dangers
3. (they) cannot easily approach / reach
4. and (they) cannot go out easily
5. it’s difficult to make war
6. Many nobles are gathered together 

____________________

[i]

1. (c) … Hōrum omnium fortissimī
2. (f) … flūmine Rhēnō, quī agrōs Helvētiōrum ā Germānīs dīvidit
3. (b) … monte Iurā quī est inter Sēquanōs et Helvētiōs
4. (e) lacū Lemānō
5. (a) … flūmine Rhodanō quī prōvinciam Rōmānam ab Helvētiīs dīvidit
6. (d) Fīnēs eōrum autem … undique continentur

[ii]

(1) Merchants cannot visit them easily; │ mercātōrēs eōs facile adīre nōn possunt (2) the Helvetians cannot easily leave │ neque Helvētiī … facile exīre possunt

[iii]

(1) They are very war-like (2) and willingly undergo / suffer dangers. (3) They often wage war with the Germans, (4) for either they go to the territory of the Germans (5) and fight in a battle (6) or they themselves keep the Germans (7) from their territory / boundaries.

[iv]

(1) The difficulty of making war (2) upon their many neighbours (3) because of their constricted territory │ (1) Est difficile autem (3)propter angustōs fīnēs (2) multīs fīnitimīs (1) bellum īnferre

[v] (a) (1) rather / too small │ fīnēs sunt minōrēs; (b) … (2) command them (3) to look for wider territories │ … eōs iubent lātiōrēs agrōs petere. 

[vi]

(1) powerful chief │ potēns prīnceps; (2) eager for power; (3) gathers many nobles together │ Ab eō multī nōbilēs cōnferentur

[vii]

1. in … fīnēs eunt
2. perīcula … subeunt.
3. facile adīre nōn possunt
4. neque … facile exīre possunt
5. est difficile … bellum īnferre
6. … multī nōbilēs cōnferentur.