I am going to post this text twice.
In this first post, I’ll
focus on points related to verbs. In the next post I’ll look at other aspects
of the text.
Within this text there are a
number of points that have already been covered in many previous posts. I
highlight examples of each.
_____
Intereā in vīllā Corneliānā
omnēs strēnuē labōrant. Aurēlia tunicam et stolam et pallam gerit.
Ancillam iubet aliās tunicās et stolās et pallās in cistam pōnere.
Mārcus et Sextus tunicās et togās praetextās gerunt quod in
itinere et in urbe togās praetextās libērī gerere solent. Servus aliās tunicās
et togās praetextās in cistam pōnit. In cubiculō Gaiī servus
togās virīlēs in cistam pōnit quod Gaius in urbe togam virīlem gerere
solet. Gaius ipse togam virīlem induit.
Dāvus, quī ipse omnia cūrat,
ad iānuam stat. Servōs iubet cistās ē cubiculīs in viam portāre.
Baculum habet et clāmat, "Agite, servī
scelestī! Dormītisne? Hodiē, nōn crās, discēdimus."
Mārcus quoque servōs incitat
et iubet eōs cistās in raedam pōnere. Servus quīdam, nōmine Geta, cistam
Sextī arripit et in raedam iacit.
"Cavē,
Geta!" exclāmat Sextus sollicitus. "Cūrā cistam
meam! Nōlī eam iacere!" Tandem omnēs cistae in raedā
sunt. Ascendunt Mārcus et Sextus. Ascendit Eucleīdēs. Ascendit Aurēlia. Gaius
ipse ascendere est parātus. Syrus, raedārius, quoque ascendit
et equōs incitāre parat. Subitō exclāmat Aurēlia, "Ubī
est Cornēlia?"
Eō ipsō tempore in viam
currit Cornēlia. Eam Gaius iubet in raedam statim ascendere. Statim raedārius
equōs incitat. Discēdunt Cornēliī.
_____
Within this text there are a
number of points that have already been covered in many previous posts. I
highlight examples of each.
[1] All conjugations
of the present tense are in this text
[i] 1st conjugation
cūrō, cūrāre [1] take care
of; look after
stō, stāre [1]: stand
· Dāvus, quī ipse omnia cūrat,
ad iānuam stat. │Davus, who takes care of everything
himself, is standing at the door.
labōrō, labōrāre [1]: work
· Omnēs strēnuē labōrant.
│ Everyone = all the people are working hard.
[ii] 2nd conjugation
habeō, habēre [2]: have
· Baculum habet. │ He
has a stick.
iubeō, iubēre [2]: command
· Ancillam iubet aliās
tunicās et stolās et pallās in cistam pōnere. │ He orders the
maidservant …
[iii] 3rd
conjugation
gerō, gerere [3]: wear
· Aurēlia tunicam … gerit.
│ Aurelia wears wears / is wearing a tunic.
· Mārcus et Sextus tunicās …
gerunt. │ Marcus and Sextus wear tunics …
3rd-iō conjugation
arripiō, arripere [3-iō]:
snatch
iaciō, iacere [3-iō]: throw
· Cistam Sextī arripit et
in raedam iacit. │ He seizes Sextus’ chest and throws
(it) into the carriage.
discēdō, discēdere [3]:
depart
· Hodiē, nōn crās, discēdimus.
│ We leave today, not tomorrow.
pōnō, pōnere [3]: put
· Servus aliās tunicās ...
in cistam pōnit. │ The slave puts the other tunics ...
into the chest.
[iv] 4th conjugation
dormiō, dormīre [4]: sleep
· dormītis ¦ ne?
[2] -ne attached
to the first word of a sentence to form a question:
· Dormītis¦ne? │
Are you [pl.] sleeping?
That does not just apply to
verbs; -ne can be attached to other word types at the beginning of
a sentence.
[3] infinitives:
[i] preparing to do something
· Equōs incitāre parat.
│ He prepares to spur on the horses.
· Gaius ipse ascendere est
parātus. │ Gaius himself is ready to climb up (i.e. into the
carriage).
[ii] ordering people to
do something
· Servōs iubet cistās … in
viam portāre. │ He orders to slaves to carry the
chests … into the street.
· Ancillam iubet aliās
tunicās et stolās et pallās in cistam pōnere. │ She orders the
maidservant to put the other tunics … into the chest.
[ii] soleō, solēre [2]: to
be in the habit of doing something; what you are in the
habit of doing is expressed by an infinitive:
· Gaius in urbe togam
virīlem gerere ¦ solet. │ Gaius is in the habit
of ¦ wearing ¦ the adult toga in the city. [i.e.
Gaius usually wears …]
[4] Imperatives (command
forms)
[i] telling one person to do
something
· curō, curāre [1]: look
after > Cūrā cistam meam! Look after my trunk!
· caveō, cavēre [2]: beware
> "Cavē, Geta!" │ Watch out, Geta!
[ii] telling more than one
person to do something
· agō, agere [3]: do; act
> "Agite, servī scelestī! │Get on with it, wicked slaves!
[iii] negative imperatives
(telling somebody not to do something)
Nōlī + infinitive
· Nōlī eam
iacere! │ Don’t throw it!
[1], [3] and [4] above were
the intended focus of the text and so I have also posted some brief notes that
were attached to it.
You will see in the posted
notes that the author uses an accent that looks like the
French acute accent e.g. hábeō; this is never used in
written Latin. It is only there to show you where the word is stressed.
The macrons i.e. ā, ē, ī, ō,
ū were also not used in Classical Latin writing, but are commonly used in
textbooks and edited works of literature to show long vowels; they can be
omitted when you write Latin but I would recommend that you keep them in
because they show how the vowels are pronounced.
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