25.04.24: 3rd declension adjectives [10]: one termination
[i] These only have one form
in the masculine, feminine and neuter in the nominative singular [images #1 -
#3]. Note that reference is made to the ablative singular in -ī and sometimes
-e; there can be grammatical reasons for that, or one may be found more often
in poetry.
[ii] These adjectives
undergo a stem change indicated by the genitive singular i.e.
that change happens when endings are added. Dictionaries and vocabulary lists
usually show that [image #4]
[iii] Apart from that, they
have the same endings as the adjectives in the 2 and 3 terminations covered in
the earlier posts.
[iv] 1 termination
adjectives end in an /s/ sound: [1] audāx (very easy to spot i.e.
the pronuncation is /ks/), and [2] vowel + ns e.g. prūdēns, īnfāns, concors, vetus although
a very small number don’t e.g. pār [image
#5]; the ones marked in green are by far the most common and the ones ending in
-ns will come up again in other features of Latin grammar.
La. audāx (bold;
reckless) > La. audācia (boldness; recklessness) > Engl.
derivative: audacious
But it doesn’t matter if it
came through a “middle man” because the change is still there.
La. prūdēns (wise)
> Old French: prudent* > Engl. derivative: prudent
*This is a very common
pattern; Old French derives this kind of adjective from the Latin accusative
i.e. prūdent│em, the case ending is then lost and only the root remains;
English then takes it from there:
La. īnfāns (unable to speak;
childish) > Old French: enfant [La. īnfant│em] > Engl. derivative:
infant
[v] Youtube Latin tutorial
(in the next post)
[1] The specific information
on the 1 termination adjectives begins at 1:05
[2] The other 2 and 3
terminations are discussed earlier in the video.
[3] Note: at
5:56 he makes reference to a term known as ablative absolute; I’m
surprised he did that because the ablative absolute is a big topic that cannot
be mentioned in passing, and so I would not be concerned about it at this
stage.
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