Here are some basic notes on 200 -900. There is more to cover, including lengthy compound numbers, equally lengthy compounds of Roman numerals and mīlle (1000) but I don’t think it’s a good idea to overdose on anything in Latin at one time
Take a look at these numbers in Spanish:
200: doscientos
300: trescientos
400: cuatrocientos
There are three points to note:
[i] cientos is plural
[ii] these numbers have masculine and feminine forms i.e.
doscientos and doscientas agreeing with the noun and so they are acting like
adjectives
[iii] Those endings -os and -as are derived from Latin -ōs,
-ās, but the Latin accusative plural, not the nominative.
The Latin numbers 200 – 900 decline like 1st / 2nd
declension adjectives.
Compare:
1st / 2nd declension adjective in the plural
masculine: magnī
feminine: magnae
neuter: magna
Those endings are used with the numbers:
200: ducentī, -ae, -a; CC
300: trecentī, -ae, -a; CCC
400: quadringentī, -ae, -a; CD [100 less than 500]
500: quīngentī, -ae, -a; D
600: sescentī, -ae, -a; DC
700: septingentī, -ae, -a; DCC
800: octingentī, -ae, -a; DCCC
900: nōngentī, -ae, -a; DCCCC / CM [100 less than 1000]
Additional information on all numbers can be found here:
Additional information on the formation of Roman numerals can be found here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_numerals
Image: 1st / 2nd declension adjective in the plural alongside the declension of ducentī showing that the endings are the same; take a look at the accusatives and there you see where the Spanish numbers come from.
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