It is useful, although not essential, to see how adverbs are grouped as a way of remembering them. The adverbs listed here use the suffixes –tim and -ātim; these suffixes are not the same and are known as ‘adverbial markers’ i.e. they create adverbs from other words, the examples below showing the creation of adverbs from nouns, verbs and adjectives:
-tim
fūr (thief) + -tim: ‘like a
thief’ > fūrtim: secretly
stō (to stand) + -tim >
statim: immediately
certō (contend, strive) + -tim
> certātim: earnestly; eagerly
-ātim
paulus (little) + -ātim: little by little; gradually
gradus (step) + -ātim > gradātim: step by step
verbum (word) + -ātim >
verbātim: word for word (late Latin)
The last example verbātim,
first appearing in Late Latin, is still used in Modern English, with exactly
the same meaning.
Complete the translations with
the appropriate adverbs.
- Mārcus fūrtim ascendit arborem. │ Marcus climbed the tree __________.
- Paulātim ex castrīs discēdēbant. │ They were __________ departing from the camp.
- Morbus plērumque gradātim accēdit. │ In general the disease happens __________.
- Titus statim surrēxit, quod commōtus erat. │ Titus got up __________ because he had been disturbed.
- Mulierēs puerīque prō tēctīs aedificiōrum saxa … certātim mittēbant. │ Women and boys from the roofs of the buildings were __________ pelting (them) with stones.
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