11.01.25: Level 2: the passive voice [19]; present passive infinitive

Until now you have only seen one infinitive form, which we can now describe as the present active infinitive since it is used to form active verbs

1st conjugation

laudāre: to praise │ -āre

2nd conjugation

monēre: to warn │ -ēre

3rd and 3rd-iō conjugation

dūcere: to lead │ -ere

capere: to capture │ -ere

4^th conjugation

audīre: to hear │ -īre

These infinitives, however, also have equivalent passive forms i.e. the present passive infinitive:

The first, second and fourth conjugations all do the same: the /e/ of the infinitive is changed to -ī

1^st laudāre │to praise > laudārī │ to be praised

2^nd monēre │ to warn > monērī │ to be warned

4^th audīre │ to hear > audīrī │ to be heard

3^rd and 3^rd-iō conjugation verbs add -ī directly to the stem of the verb:

dūc¦ere │ to lead > dūc¦ī │ to be led

cap¦ere │ to capture > cap¦ī │ to be captured

sed ego dēfēnsōrem in meā persōnā, nōn accūsātōrem maximē laudārī volō (Cicero) │ but I wish the defender of others to be praised in my person, not the accuser. 

quod et dīcī ōrnātissimē possunt et audīrī facillimē (Cicero) │ …because they can both be said most eloquently and (be) heard most easily

… nisi molestum vīs vidērī tē atque ignāvom. (Plautus) │ … unless you want yourself to appear [= to be seen] troublesome and cowardly

id voluit, nōs sīc nec opīnantēs dūcī falsō gaudiō (Terence) │ He meant this, that we, thus unsuspecting, be led away by delusive joy

Id mihi dīcī volō. (Plautus) │ I want that to be told to me.

"Dē eīs, crēdō, rēbus," inquit Crassus "ut in crētiōnibus scrībī solet: …” │ "I believe I must answer," says Crassus, "as is customary to be written [= is usually written] in inheritances 

Būbus pābulum hōc modō parārī darīque oportet. (Cato) │ Feed for cattle should be prepared and (be) given in this way.

An potest graviōribus ā mē verbīs vulnerārī (Cicero) │ He cannot be wounded by me with more severe words.

Hoc quoque, Nāsō, ferēs: etenim peiōra tulistī; iam tibi sentīrī sarcina nūlla potest. (Ovid) │ This too, Naso, you will bear: for worse have you borne; no burden can be felt by you any more [=  you are no longer able to feel a burden of any kind]

The active and passive infinitive in the same statement:

ut igitur et [i] monēre et [ii] monērī proprium est vērae amīcitiae (Cicero) │ As, therefore, it is characteristic of true friendship both [i] to advise and [ii] to be advised

I have uploaded an edited version of the Latin Tutorial video that focusses on the uses of the present passive infinitive that are necessary to know at this stage. If you do want to know more the link to the full video is:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_7BVFBmbAs

Quick reading

The infinitives in the word cloud are either active or passive; match them with the English infinitives below:

1. to attack
2. to punish
3. to be defended
4. to be deceived
5. to plough
6. to be guarded
7. to read
8. to be ploughed
9. to be punished
10. to deceive
11. to be read
12. to be thrown
13. to be taught
14. to defend
15. to throw
16. to be attacked
17. to guard
18. to hold
19. to teach
20. to be held