Itaque per centum ferē annōs rēgēs Britannicī vel rēgīnae Britannicae in Britanniā rēgnāvērunt, nec Rōmānī Britannōs bellō vexāvērunt. In numerō eōrum rēgum erat Cunobelīnus. Is rēvērā "Britannōrum rēx" erat: sīc eum Suētōnius, scrīptor Rōmānus, nōminat. Nam quamquam nōn omnēs gentēs Britannicae eī subiectae erant, tamen magnam partem gentium Britanniae mediterrāneae et merīdiānae in ūnum rēgnum cōnsociāverat. Caput eārum gentium Camulodūnum erat. Exstant hodiē nummī Cunobelīnī; in eīs nōmen rēgis vel litterās nōnnūllās eius nōminis lēctitāre possumus: exstant quoque nummī patris eius Tasciovānī et frātris eius Epaticcī.
Cunobelīnus multōs
annōs rēgnāvit; eō ferē tempore rēx Britannōrum erat cum Tiberius et Caligula
prīncipēs Rōmānōrum erant. Eī ab annō quārtō decimō ad annum prīmum et
quadrāgēsimum post Chrīstum nātum imperiō Rōmānō praeerant. Iēsus Chrīstus
nātus erat dum Augustus prīnceps erat: mortī datus erat dum Tiberius
imperitābat, ut Tacitus in capite quārtō et quadrāgēsimō librī quīntī decimī Annālium
commemorat. Inter fīliōs Cunobelīnī erant Caractacus et Togodumnus. Is rēx
magnus et bonus erat, atque dēfēnsor ācer lībertātis Britannicae. Sed Rōmānī
tantum rēgem tolerāre nōn poterant. Itaque dē novā expedītiōne contrā
Britanniam cōgitābant.
Poētae Rōmānī eius
aetātis īnsulam nostram et incolās eius saepe commemorant. Horātius eōs
"ferōs" et "remōtōs" et "intāctōs" id est
"nōn dēbellātōs" vel "līberōs" nōminat: Vergilius eōs
"tōtō orbe terrārum dīvīsōs" id est "sēparātōs"
vocat. Mare eōs ab aliīs partibus orbis terrārum sēparābat; et lībertās
eīs cāra erat. Prō ārīs et focīs suīs contrā Rōmānōs magnā virtūte pugnāverant,
atque hostibus Rōmānōrum in bellō Gallicō auxilia subministrāverant. Itaque
Rōmānī lībertātem eōrum nōn tolerābant.
Identify the cases
and explain why they are being used:
[1] nec Rōmānī
Britannōs bellō vexāvērunt
[2] magnam partem
gentium Britanniae mediterrāneae
[3] Cunobelīnus
multōs annōs rēgnāvit
[4] eō ferē
tempore
[5] Eī … imperiō
Rōmānō praeerant.
[6] mortī
datus erat
[7] mare eōs ab
aliīs partibus orbis terrārum sēparābat
[8] lībertās eīs
cāra erat
[9] magnā
virtūte pugnāverant
Notes
annālis, annālis
[3/n]: chronicle; mainly in plural i.e. annālēs: chronicles, annals
gēns, gentis
[3/f]: people; nation; tribe
mors, mortis
[3/f]: death
orbis, orbis
[3/m]: circle; ring; anything circular
orbis terrārum:
the earth; the globe
pars, partis
[3/f]: part
These nouns have
been seen before. However, take a second look at them because they are all
known as i-stem nouns, a topic which was referred to some time back.
However, now at Level 3, we will take some time to discuss them again in more
detail which will be the focus of the next few posts.
____________________
[1] nec Rōmānī
Britannōs bellō vexāvērunt │ and the Romans did not trouble the Britons with
(by means of) war; ablative of means
[2] magnam partem
gentium │ a large part / the majority of the tribes; partitive
genitive; gēns, gentis [3/f]: tribe; nation
[3] Cunobelīnus
multōs annōs rēgnāvit │ Cunobelinus ruled for many years;
accusative of duration of time
[4] eō ferē
tempore │ at around that time; ablative of time when
[5] Eī … imperiō
Rōmānō praeerant. │ they were in charge of the Roman empire; dative
after the verb praesum, praeesse
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/02/130425-level-3-verbs-with-dative-case-1.html
[6] mortī
datus erat │ he was given to death [ = he was put to death]; dative of
the indirect object
[7] mare eōs ab
aliīs partibus orbis terrārum sēparābat │ the sea separated them
from other parts of the world; ablative of separation
[8] lībertās eīs
cāra erat │ freedom was dear to them; dative after the adjective
cārus, -a, -um
[9] magnā virtūte pugnāverant │ they had fought with great courage; ablative of manner i.e. the way in which they fought
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